成人高考高起點(diǎn)英語被動(dòng)語態(tài)誤用辨析
2008-06-17 15:52:45 來源：育路成人高考頻道
1.中文：他們結(jié)婚兩年了。
�。ㄕ`）They have married for two years.
�。ㄕ㏕hey have been married for two years.（表示已婚狀態(tài)的持續(xù)，要用完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)式。）
2.中文：他被所有學(xué)生嘲笑。
�。ㄕ`）He was laughed by all the pupils.
（正）He was laughed at by all the pupils.（不及物動(dòng)詞＋介詞=及物動(dòng)詞，變被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)介詞不能省略。）
3.中文：英語難學(xué)。
�。ㄕ`）English is difficult to be learned.
�。ㄕ〦nglish is difficult to learn.（英語難學(xué)=學(xué)英語難，也可說It’s difficult to learn English.原句的主語實(shí)際上是不定式的邏輯賓語，不定式要用主動(dòng)形式。）
4.中文：湯姆問我這些島嶼是否屬于美國(guó)。
�。ㄕ`）Tom asked me if these islands are belonged to America.
（正）Tom asked me if these islands belonged to America.
5.中文：中國(guó)發(fā)生了很大變化。
（誤）Great changes have been taken place in China.
�。ㄕ〨reat changes have taken place in China.
6.中文：戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)于一九三七年爆發(fā)。
（誤）The war was broken out in 1937.
�。ㄕ㏕he war broke out in 1937.（take place，break out，happen，belong to等不及物動(dòng)詞或短語動(dòng)詞沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)形式。）
7.中文：我看不清黑板。也許你需要檢查你的眼睛。
�。ㄕ`）I can’t see the blackboard very well.Perhaps you need to examine your eyes.
（正）I can’t see the blackboard very well.Perhaps you need to have your eyes examined.（表示使某物被別人…，通常使用have或get＋物＋過去分詞表示。）
8.中文：他命令馬上開始工作。
�。ㄕ`）He ordered the work to start at once.
（正）He ordered the work to be started at once.（不定式作賓語補(bǔ)語時(shí)，若與賓語是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，要用不定式的被動(dòng)形式。）
9.中文：他試圖不介入政治。
�。ㄕ`）He tried not to have mixed up in politics.
（正）He tried not to get mixed up in politics.（get作系動(dòng)詞，可代替be，后接過去分詞表示被動(dòng)，have無此功能。）
10.中文：據(jù)說他很富有。
（誤）They say him to have been rich.
�。ㄕ〩e is said to have been rich.（say后不可接不定式，但它的被動(dòng)語態(tài)后可接不定式。）
11.中文：那人被認(rèn)為是個(gè)傻子。
�。ㄕ`）The man thought to be a fool.
（正）The man was thought to be a fool.（主語是動(dòng)作的承受者而不是發(fā)出者，用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。）
�。ㄕ`）They have married for two years.
�。ㄕ㏕hey have been married for two years.（表示已婚狀態(tài)的持續(xù)，要用完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)式。）
2.中文：他被所有學(xué)生嘲笑。
�。ㄕ`）He was laughed by all the pupils.
（正）He was laughed at by all the pupils.（不及物動(dòng)詞＋介詞=及物動(dòng)詞，變被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)介詞不能省略。）
3.中文：英語難學(xué)。
�。ㄕ`）English is difficult to be learned.
�。ㄕ〦nglish is difficult to learn.（英語難學(xué)=學(xué)英語難，也可說It’s difficult to learn English.原句的主語實(shí)際上是不定式的邏輯賓語，不定式要用主動(dòng)形式。）
4.中文：湯姆問我這些島嶼是否屬于美國(guó)。
�。ㄕ`）Tom asked me if these islands are belonged to America.
（正）Tom asked me if these islands belonged to America.
5.中文：中國(guó)發(fā)生了很大變化。
（誤）Great changes have been taken place in China.
�。ㄕ〨reat changes have taken place in China.
6.中文：戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)于一九三七年爆發(fā)。
（誤）The war was broken out in 1937.
�。ㄕ㏕he war broke out in 1937.（take place，break out，happen，belong to等不及物動(dòng)詞或短語動(dòng)詞沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)形式。）
7.中文：我看不清黑板。也許你需要檢查你的眼睛。
�。ㄕ`）I can’t see the blackboard very well.Perhaps you need to examine your eyes.
（正）I can’t see the blackboard very well.Perhaps you need to have your eyes examined.（表示使某物被別人…，通常使用have或get＋物＋過去分詞表示。）
8.中文：他命令馬上開始工作。
�。ㄕ`）He ordered the work to start at once.
（正）He ordered the work to be started at once.（不定式作賓語補(bǔ)語時(shí)，若與賓語是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，要用不定式的被動(dòng)形式。）
9.中文：他試圖不介入政治。
�。ㄕ`）He tried not to have mixed up in politics.
（正）He tried not to get mixed up in politics.（get作系動(dòng)詞，可代替be，后接過去分詞表示被動(dòng)，have無此功能。）
10.中文：據(jù)說他很富有。
（誤）They say him to have been rich.
�。ㄕ〩e is said to have been rich.（say后不可接不定式，但它的被動(dòng)語態(tài)后可接不定式。）
11.中文：那人被認(rèn)為是個(gè)傻子。
�。ㄕ`）The man thought to be a fool.
（正）The man was thought to be a fool.（主語是動(dòng)作的承受者而不是發(fā)出者，用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。）
