一、冠詞的種類

　　1. 不定冠詞 a／an的用法

　　a用于輔音音標(biāo)開頭的單詞前（不一定是輔音字母）：an用于元音音標(biāo)開頭的單詞前（不一定是元音字母） ：an old man

　　a friend

　　an American writer

　　a Chinese book——an English book

　　注意 以字母h，u，e，y開頭的單詞：an hour/honor/honest

　　a university——an umbrella-a usual/useful book

　　a European

　　a young man——a youth

　　泛指人、事、物的類別 A.English is a useful language.

　　B.A horse is a useful animal.

　　C.His telehpone number begins with a " 3".

　　泛指某人某物

　　There's a man waiting for you at the gate of our school.

　　There's a book lying on the floor.

　　表示every／per的含義

　　This kind of Santana car can run 150 kilometers an hour.

　　Some students of Senior Three study 12 hours a day.

　　用于某些固定詞組中

　　a few； a little； a lot of；

　　a bit of； a couple of； a great deal of；

　　many a； all of a sudden； as a matter of fact；

　　in a word； have a word with sb. have a good time；

　　do sb. a favor pay a visit to； as a rule

　　in a day or two； in a way； make a living；

　　two pills at a time； take a walk/break/bath/seat；

　　have a cold/fever/headache/stomachache

　　2.定冠詞the的用法

　　the 在輔音前發(fā)/ / 在元音前發(fā)/ /

　�。�1）表示特指和第二次提到的人或物：

　　Here the books you want.

　　I saw a film last night. The film was wonderful.

　　（2）表示世界上獨(dú)一無二的東西：the sun；the earth；the moon

　�。�3）用在序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級前面：the first-class； the third floor； the longest river

　　（4）用在江、河、湖、海、山 脈、群 島、海 峽、海 灣、沙 漠、方 位 前 面：

　　the Changjiang river； the West Lake ； the Great Canal（大運(yùn)河）；

　　the Taiwan Strait； on the right／left； in the north／south

　�。�4）與某些形 容 詞 連 用表 示 一 類 人，動 詞 用 復(fù) 數(shù) 形 式：

　　the poor／rich／old/young/sick/old/new/wounded

　　The young have to learn from the old.（年輕人要向老年人學(xué)習(xí)。）

　　The right and the wrong are the opposites.

　　（6）在樂器的名詞前面：She likes to play the piano／violin／guitar.

　�。�7）在某 些 表 示 時 間 的 詞 組 中：

　　in the morning／afternoon／evening／night（but at noon／night）；

　　in the daytime；in the 1870's／1870s

　�。�8）用在姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)前面：The Smiths are sitting at the breakfast table.

　�。�9）在表示發(fā)明物的名詞前面：

　　The gunpowder was invented in China 400 year age.

　　Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1876.

　　The teacher showed us a telescope and said it was Galileo who invented the telescope.

　�。�10）用在表示國家和民族的形容詞前面表示該國的人民：

　　the English／Chinese／Japanese／French

　�。�11）用在由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專用名詞前面：

　　the United States（聯(lián)合國）； the New York Times（紐約時報）；

　　the People's Liberation Army（中國人民解放軍）

　　（12）用在表示計算單位的名詞前面，常含"每"，"每一"的意義，或相當(dāng)于"按……計算"：

　　A.These workers are paid by the hour／piece.（計時／件取酬）

　　B.These eggs are sold by the dozen.（這些雞蛋是論打賣的。）

　　但"按重量"應(yīng)說by weight

　　C.Meat is sold by the kilo（by weight）。

　�。�13）方位名詞前必須加the

　　in the east of

　　on the east of

　　to the east of/east of

　　在山頂 at the top of hill=on top of hill

　　Last year he spent hisw holiday on a farm in the country south of Boston.

　　二、零冠詞 即不用冠詞，用于不可數(shù)名詞，復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞和某些單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前

　　（1）專用名詞、物質(zhì)名詞、抽象名詞、人名、地名等名詞前面一般不加冠詞

　　Knowledge is power.

　　We can't live without air.

　　China has a large population.

　�。�2）表示頭銜、職務(wù)的名詞作表語、同位語、賓語補(bǔ)語、主語補(bǔ)語時不加冠詞

　　Abraham Lincoln was elected president of the United States in 1860.

　　Wang Ping， monitor of Class Three， won the first prize.

　　但是，當(dāng)這些名詞作主語時，要加定冠詞：

　　The president of USA will visit America in the near future.

　　He was elected__/__President for the third time. That was a great victory of his party.

　　Elizabeth II，__/_Queen of England， declared the conference open.

　�。�3）稱呼語前面不加冠詞

　　Where are you going， mum

　　Jimmy said that / Uncle hadn't come back and _/__Auntie was out.

　　The general ordered his men，"Use your knife， young man！"

　�。�4）泛指復(fù)數(shù)名詞前面不加冠詞

　　We're Senior Three students.

　　——What are they——They're workers.

　�。�5）by+交通工具／通訊工具

　　A.——Do you know how he will come here

　　——I think he'll come here by bus/train/taxi/ship/plane/bike.

　　B.I'll tell you by telephone/email.

　　但是使用其他介詞時要注意：

　　He'll come in her taxi/on her bike/on a bus.

　　You're wanted on the telephone.（你有電話。）

　�。�6）用在介詞at／by后面，表示時間，不加冠詞

　　at daybreak/dawn/dusk/noon/sunrise/sunset/night

　　B.Most people work by day and rest by night.（大多數(shù)人白天工作晚上休息。）

　�。�7）在turn（變成，成為）后面的名詞前面不加冠詞

　　His son turned writer at last.=His son became a writer at last.

　　（8）幾個詞組

　　in space/in distance /peace/public by chance/accident/surprise

　　on foot/duty/earth out of breath/ reach/sight/control

　　三、冠詞的主要考點(diǎn)

　　考點(diǎn)（1）一日三餐，一年四季，月份、星期、節(jié)日名詞前面一般不加冠詞

　　If winter comes， can spring be far behind

　　What do you often have for breakfast

　　Our school library is open every day except Sunday.

　　Daddy，dinner is ready！

　　Do you know when Teachers' Day is

　　但是特指時用the；有修飾形容詞時用a

　　In____spring， trees turn green.

　　In____spring of 1987，the old scientist returned to his motherland. Answer： /； the

　　The story took place in the winter of 1918. It was a very cold winter.

　　但是：我們中國的有些節(jié)日前要加定冠詞：the Spring Festival；the Mid-Autumn Day /Festival

　　考點(diǎn)2）球類、棋類、游戲、學(xué)科名稱前面一般不加冠詞；而樂器名稱前要加the

　　Does your brother like to play football/basketball/chess

　　He likes to study mathematics/ physics/chemistry/English/Chinese/biology/politics.

　　I like playing football while my sister is interested in playing the piano.

　　考點(diǎn)（3） 職務(wù)的名詞 和 稱呼語前面不加冠詞

　　Abraham Lincoln was elected president of the United States in 1860.

　　Wang Ping， monitor of Class Three， won the first prize.

　　Jimmy said that / Uncle hadn't come back and _/__Auntie was out.

　　The general ordered his men，"Use your knife， young man！"

　　考點(diǎn)（4） 在表示發(fā)明物，計算單位的名詞前面，要加定冠詞：

　　A.These workers are paid by the hour／piece.（計時／件取酬）

　　B.These eggs are sold by the dozen.（這些雞蛋是論打賣的。）

　　C.The gunpowder was invented in China 400 year age.

　　D.Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1876.

　　E.The teacher showed us a telescope and said it was Galileo who invented the telescope.

　　考點(diǎn)（5）用和不用定冠詞在意義上的差別 一般地說，無定冠詞表示"抽象意思"；有定冠詞表示具體"某個地方或某事"

　　1）in hospital（住院）； in the hospital（在醫(yī)院里）

　　2）at table（在吃飯）； at the table（在桌子旁邊）

　　3）out of problem（沒問題；可能的）；out of the problem（不可能的；成問題）

　　4）in front of（在……前面）； in the front of（在……內(nèi)部前面）

　　5）go to school（上學(xué)）； go to the school（有事去學(xué)校）

　　6）go to church（做禮拜）； go to the church（去教堂）

　　7）My wish is to go to sea.（我的愿望是當(dāng)海員。）；

　　My wish is to go to the sea.（我的愿望是去海邊。）

　　8）few——a few

　　few people［沒幾個人（表示否定）］；a few people［幾個人（表示肯定）］

　　9）little——a little

　　little water（沒多少水）；a little water（有點(diǎn)水）few——a few

　　10）knowledge知識——

　　a knowledge of是一種特殊用法，指了解、知道或懂得某事，而非泛指的知識。

　　eg. Many people agree that ____knowledge of English is a must in ____international trade today.（ＮＭＥＴ ９６）

　�。�、a；不填 Ｂ。the；an Ｃ。the；the Ｄ。不填；the

　　此題難度較大， knowledge通常為抽象名詞，屬不可數(shù)名詞，其前一般不用任何冠詞，后跟of English似限制它的，當(dāng)用the.如此常規(guī)分析，正好誤入題目設(shè)計者的圈套。這里a knowledge of是一種特殊用法，指了解、知道或懂得某事，而非泛指的知識。

　　11）next morning 和the next morning的區(qū)別

　　next morning明天早晨+將來時； the next morning第二天早晨+過去時

　　Next morning we will go to visit the Great Wall.

　　The next morning we finished the work.

　　考點(diǎn)（6）使用不定冠詞和定冠詞在意義上的差別

　　1）a number ——the number

　　A number of students would like to go for a walk after supper.（好多學(xué)生）

　　The number of students in our school is 1400.（學(xué)生數(shù)）

　　2）most，a most， the most

　　This is a most interesting story.（most=very；這是一個非常有趣的故事。）

　　This is the most interesting story of the three.（the most為最高級；這是三個故事中最有趣的故事。）

　　3）a second和the second

　　It is important to learn a second language.

　　4）only a few=few； only a little= little

　　She has only a few friends because she is a newcomer to the city.她幾乎沒有朋友因為她剛來這個城市。

　　The boy has only a little money， so he can't afford to buy a bike.這亇孩子幾乎沒錢，，所哋買不起自行車。

　　考點(diǎn)（7）兩個與 the有關(guān)的句型

　　a. the+比較級，the+比較級

　　eg.The faster the better.

　　The harder we study， the greater progress we'll make.

　　b. 大處著眼，小處著手

　　打strike，hit，beat

　　抓catch，seize，grasp +sb+介詞+the+身體部位

　　拉pull，take in+軟的部位

　　on+硬的部位

　　by+可拉出的部位

　　eg. I hit the boy on the head.

　　I catch him by the ear.

　　I beat him in the face.

　　The little girl pulled me by the sleeve.

　　自我檢測

　�。�1）——How many minutes are there in______hour——Sixty.

　　A./ B.the C.aD.an

　�。�2）——Can you lend me______money——Yes， but only______pounds.

　　A.few；littleB.little；few C.a little； a few D.a few； a little

　　（3）It is surprising that______German cannot speak______German language.

　　A./；a B.a ；the C.the；/ D.a；a

　　（4）As we know，_______sea covers more than 70 percent of_______surface of ______earth.

　　A.the；the；the B.a； the；theC.the；a；a D.a；a；the

　�。�5）Her sister is talkative， but her brother is a man of______words.

　　A.little B.a little C.a few D.few

　�。�6）All of ______sudden， we saw a boy rush out of______back door.

　　A.a；a B.a；the C.the；theD.the；a

　�。�7）She likes playing____violin while her brother likes playing______football.

　　A.the；the B.a；the C./；the D.the；/

　�。�8）——What is she ——She's_______.

　　A.a singer and dancer B. singer and dancer C.a singer and a dancer D. singer and a dancer

　�。�9）What____it is to travel in_______spaceship！

　　A.a fun；the B.a fun；a C.fun；a D.fun；the

　�。�10）I didn't tell him______news at once because I wanted to give him______surprise.

　　A.a；a B.the；a C.a；the D.the；the

　�。�11）Washington was elected______president in 1787. He was the first president of_____United States.

　　A.the；the B./；the C./；/ D.the；/

　�。�12）You left______"s" in ______spelling of_____word "address".

　　A.an；the；the B.the；the；the C.a； the；the D.an；/；a

　　Answer DCBAD BDACB BA