2012年高考英語(yǔ)指導(dǎo)：疑問(wèn)詞+ever的用法

2012-05-28 18:29:30 來(lái)源：21CN教育

　　“疑問(wèn)詞 + ever”是近年來(lái)高考英語(yǔ)的一個(gè)考查熱點(diǎn)，在各版本的中學(xué)英語(yǔ)教材中出現(xiàn)頻率較高，而且是學(xué)生理解和掌握的一個(gè)難點(diǎn)。從不同角度論述這方面內(nèi)容的文章很多，本文試圖別辟蹊徑，簡(jiǎn)單明了地歸納講解這一問(wèn)題。
　　“疑問(wèn)詞 + ever ”可分為兩類(lèi)，“疑問(wèn)代詞 + ever ”： whatever / whichever / whoever (賓格 whomever )和“疑問(wèn)副詞 + ever ”： wherever / whenever / however.
　　不論是“疑問(wèn)代詞 + ever ”還是“疑問(wèn)副詞 + ever ”，其意義都是“不管 / 無(wú)論 + 該疑問(wèn)詞的本義”。
　　1. “疑問(wèn)代詞 + ever”可引導(dǎo)兩種類(lèi)型的從句，即讓步狀語(yǔ)從句和名詞性從句(主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句)。
　　(1)引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。此時(shí) whatever / whoever / whichever 分別等于“ no matter + what / who / which”。例如：
　　Whatever happened， he wouldn’t say a word. = No matter what happened， he wouldn’t say a word.
　　Whoever says so， it is wrong. = No matter who says so， it is wrong.
　　Whichever dictionary you (may) take， you will have to pay at least 20 dollars. = No matter which dictionary you (may) take， you will have to pay at least 20 dollars.
　　注意：這類(lèi)從句中應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái)，從句中也常用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 may / might .
　　(2)引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。例如：
　　Whoever smokes here will be punished. (主語(yǔ)從句)
　　Beggars will eat whatever they are given. (賓語(yǔ)從句)
　　Whichever he likes will be given to him. (主語(yǔ)從句)
　　You may invite whoever / whomever you like. (常用 whoever 代替 whomever)
　　此時(shí)它們都不能換成“ no matter + 疑問(wèn)詞”的形式，但 whoever 等于 anyone who， whatever 等于 anything that.
　　2. “疑問(wèn)副詞 +ever ”： wherever / whenever / however 一般只能引導(dǎo)一種類(lèi)型的從句，即讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，此時(shí)它們分別等于“ no matter + where / when / how ”。例如：
　　Wherever he goes (may go). I’ll follow him. = No matter where he goes (may go)，I’ll follow him.
　　Whenever I wisited him， he was always busy working. = No matter when I visited him， he was always busy working.
　　However late he is， his mother will wait for him to have dinner together. = No matter how late he is， his mother will wait for him to have dinner together.
　　注意：當(dāng) however 用作連接副詞時(shí)也可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，而 whenever/ wherever 則不能引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。例如：
　　I’ll give you however much money you need. (賓語(yǔ)從句，此時(shí) however 不能改成 no matter how )。
　　3. 另外， whatever / whichever / whoever 與 whenever / wherever / however 分別可相當(dāng)于 what / which / who 與 when / where / how 的強(qiáng)調(diào)式，引起的特殊疑問(wèn)句往往是簡(jiǎn)單句，與原疑問(wèn)詞的意思、用法完全相同，只是表達(dá)的語(yǔ)氣更為強(qiáng)烈，翻譯時(shí)可加上“到底；究竟”等。例如：
　　What(ever) are you doing ？你(到底)在干什么？
　　Which(ever) do you want to buy ？你(究竟)要買(mǎi)哪一個(gè)？
　　Who(ever) told you such a foolish story？ (究竟)是誰(shuí)講給你這么蠢的事？
　　When(ever) can I enjoy a long vacation？ (究竟)什么時(shí)候才能給我放個(gè)長(zhǎng)假呢？
　　Where(ever) did you leave your dictionary？你(究竟)把詞典放哪兒了？
　　How(ever) did you collect so much money？你(到底)是怎樣籌到這么多錢(qián)的？