2013高考英語(yǔ)重點(diǎn)知識(shí)：虛擬語(yǔ)氣

難點(diǎn)形成原因：

　　1．學(xué)習(xí)過程太零碎，不系統(tǒng)。

　　2．分不清什么時(shí)候使用，怎么使用。

　　3．一些固定用法記不住。

　　解決辦法：

　　虛擬語(yǔ)氣通過謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的特殊形式來表示。由于虛擬語(yǔ)氣表達(dá)的是與事實(shí)相反的行為狀態(tài)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的變化不同于陳述語(yǔ)氣，這也是大家感到困惑和容易出錯(cuò)的地方。做此類題目時(shí)，關(guān)鍵要迅速發(fā)現(xiàn)解題信息詞，確定虛擬語(yǔ)氣類型，然后按各類虛擬語(yǔ)氣的特定表達(dá)方式確定動(dòng)詞的形式。

　　用法講解：

　　虛擬語(yǔ)氣表示說的話不是事實(shí)，或者是不可能發(fā)生的情況，而僅是一種愿望、建議或者與事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)等。一般常用于正式的書面語(yǔ)中。

　　1．條件從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣

 

虛擬情況		條件從句謂語(yǔ)形式	主句謂語(yǔ)形式	典型例句
與現(xiàn)在的事實(shí)相反		did／were	would do	I would ask George to lend us the money if I knew him. ? ?
與過去事實(shí)相反		had done	would have done	If Bob had come with us, he would have had a good time. ? ?
與將來事實(shí)相反		did／were	would do	We would stay at home if it should rain tomorrow. If I were to do the examination I would do it some other way.
		were to do
		should do
混合虛擬	從句與過去事實(shí)相反 主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反	had done	would do	It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I had not fallen in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown. (2002上海)

 

　　含蓄虛擬條件句

　　有時(shí)假設(shè)的情況并不以條件從句表示出來，而是通過一個(gè)介詞短語(yǔ)或其他方式表示。通常的詞或短語(yǔ)有：without"如果沒有", but for "要不是", but that, otherwise, or, but等。

　　He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he would have scored a goal. (2001上海春季)

　　But for my classmates’ help, I would not have finished the work in time.     (2004三級(jí)題)

　　Without heat and sunlight, plants on the earth would not grow well.           ( 2004三級(jí)題)

　　注意：在虛擬條件句中，若有動(dòng)詞were, should或had（+過去分詞），可以省略if，且把這三個(gè)詞放在主句之前，變成倒裝句。如：

　　What would have happened, had Bob walked farther, as far as the riverbank?     (2001上海)

　　Had I realized you were busy, I wouldn't have bothered you with my questions.     (1996三級(jí)題)

　　Had the weather been good, the children could have gone out for a walk.            (2001三級(jí)題)

　　Had he taken the advice of his friends, he would not have suffered such a heavy loss in his business.      (2004三級(jí)題)

　　(責(zé)任編輯：韓志霞)

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