2014年高考英語輔導(dǎo):疑問詞+ever的用法

2013-11-27 10:34:03 來源：育路教育網(wǎng)

　　“疑問詞 + ever”是近年來高考英語的一個考查熱點，在各版本的中學(xué)英語教材中出現(xiàn)頻率較高，而且是學(xué)生理解和掌握的一個難點。從不同角度論述這方面內(nèi)容的文章很多，本文試圖別辟蹊徑，簡單明了地歸納講解這一問題。

　　“疑問詞 + ever ”可分為兩類，“疑問代詞 + ever ”： whatever / whichever / whoever (賓格 whomever )和“疑問副詞 + ever ”： wherever / whenever / however.

　　不論是“疑問代詞 + ever ”還是“疑問副詞 + ever ”，其意義都是“不管 / 無論 + 該疑問詞的本義”。

　　1. “疑問代詞 + ever”可引導(dǎo)兩種類型的從句，即讓步狀語從句和名詞性從句(主語從句、賓語從句)。

　　(1)引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。此時 whatever / whoever / whichever 分別等于“ no matter + what / who / which”。例如：

　　Whatever happened， he wouldn’t say a word. = No matter what happened， he wouldn’t say a word.

　　Whoever says so， it is wrong. = No matter who says so， it is wrong.

　　Whichever dictionary you (may) take， you will have to pay at least 20 dollars. = No matter which dictionary you (may) take， you will have to pay at least 20 dollars.

　　注意：這類從句中應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時表將來，從句中也常用情態(tài)動詞 may / might .

　　(2)引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。例如：

　　Whoever smokes here will be punished. (主語從句)

　　Beggars will eat whatever they are given. (賓語從句)

　　Whichever he likes will be given to him. (主語從句)

　　You may invite whoever / whomever you like. (常用 whoever 代替 whomever)

　　此時它們都不能換成“ no matter + 疑問詞”的形式，但 whoever 等于 anyone who， whatever 等于 anything that.

　　2. “疑問副詞 +ever ”： wherever / whenever / however 一般只能引導(dǎo)一種類型的從句，即讓步狀語從句，此時它們分別等于“ no matter + where / when / how ”。例如：

　　Wherever he goes (may go). I’ll follow him. = No matter where he goes (may go)，I’ll follow him.

　　Whenever I wisited him， he was always busy working. = No matter when I visited him， he was always busy working.

　　However late he is， his mother will wait for him to have dinner together. = No matter how late he is， his mother will wait for him to have dinner together.

　　注意：當(dāng) however 用作連接副詞時也可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，而 whenever/ wherever 則不能引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。例如：

　　I’ll give you however much money you need. (賓語從句，此時 however 不能改成 no matter how )。

　　3. 另外， whatever / whichever / whoever 與 whenever / wherever / however 分別可相當(dāng)于 what / which / who 與 when / where / how 的強調(diào)式，引起的特殊疑問句往往是簡單句，與原疑問詞的意思、用法完全相同，只是表達的語氣更為強烈，翻譯時可加上“到底;究竟”等。例如：

　　What(ever) are you doing ? 你(到底)在干什么?

　　Which(ever) do you want to buy ? 你(究竟)要買哪一個?

　　Who(ever) told you such a foolish story? (究竟)是誰講給你這么蠢的事?

　　When(ever) can I enjoy a long vacation? (究竟)什么時候才能給我放個長假呢?

　　Where(ever) did you leave your dictionary? 你(究竟)把詞典放哪兒了?

　　How(ever) did you collect so much money? 你(到底)是怎樣籌到這么多錢的?

　　(責(zé)任編輯：盧雁明)