態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)過(guò)關(guān)檢測(cè)

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　　一、題干中直接性地給定時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)

　　例1.How can you possibly miss the news? It ________ on TV all day long.(2004年高考北京卷)

　　A. has been B. had been

　　C. was D. will be

　　解析 選A 該題在語(yǔ)境中測(cè)試現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的基本用法。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境中說(shuō)話人前一分句所用動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)(can miss)以及選項(xiàng)中所給時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)all day long可知，說(shuō)話人所強(qiáng)調(diào)的動(dòng)作是到現(xiàn)在為止之前一直在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，而且還要繼續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作，故該題應(yīng)選用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。選項(xiàng)B、C、D顯然不符題意。

　　例2.All morning as she waited for the medical report from the doctor, her nervousness_____. (NMET 2003)

　　A. has grown B. is growing

　　C. grew D. had grown

　　解析 選C 該題測(cè)試一般過(guò)去時(shí)在由as引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句結(jié)構(gòu)中的運(yùn)用。分析句意可知，as在此引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，強(qiáng)調(diào)“一邊……一邊……”之意。主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)進(jìn)行，且都發(fā)生在過(guò)去。這種情況下，as引導(dǎo)的主從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常都用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。

　　例3.At this time tomorrow _______ over the Atlantic. (NMET2003北京)

　　A. we’re going to fly B. we’ll be flying

　　C. we’ll fly D. we’re to fly

　　解析 選B 該題測(cè)試將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)在含有將來(lái)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的句式結(jié)構(gòu)中的運(yùn)用。分析句中時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)at this time tomorrow表示將來(lái)具體某一時(shí)刻，說(shuō)明句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是在將來(lái)某一時(shí)刻要發(fā)生的事，且強(qiáng)調(diào)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，故應(yīng)選用將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)。

　　例4.John and I _______ friends for eight years. We first got to know each other at a Christmas party. But we _______ each other a couple of times before that. (NMET 2002春)

　　A. had been; have seen

　　B. have been; have seen

　　C. had been; had seen

　　D. have been; had seen

　　解析 選D 該題題干長(zhǎng)，信息量大，但題干中提供了具體時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，降低了測(cè)試難度。根據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)境，第一空句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作強(qiáng)調(diào)到現(xiàn)在為止已有8年，故應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí);第二空句中時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)before that，that代指的是we first got to know each other at a Christmas party，強(qiáng)調(diào)在過(guò)去某點(diǎn)時(shí)間之前所發(fā)生的事，故應(yīng)選用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。

　　實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練

　　1. —How are you today?

　　—Oh, I ________as ill as I do now for a very long time .

　　A. didn’t feel B. wasn’t feeling

　　C. don’t feel D. haven’t felt

　　2. —Was the driving pleasant when you were in Shanghai last summer?

　　—No, it ________ for four days when we arrived, so the roads were very muddy.

　　A. was raining B. would be raining

　　C. have rained D. had been raining

　　3. The last time I _______ Jane, she _______cotton in the field.

　　A. had seen; picked B. had seen; was picking

　　C. saw; picked D. saw; was picking

　　4. —Sorry, I’m late because driving here was slow because of the traffic.

　　—That’s all right. I ________long.

　　A. won’t be waiting B. haven’t been waiting

　　C. don’t wait D. didn’t wait

　　5. The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence, ________ and perfected now.

　　A. developed

　　B. have developed

　　C. are being developed

　　D. will have been developed

　　6.— The window is dirty.

　　—I know. It _____ for weeks.(全國(guó)卷III)

　　A. hasn’t cleaned B. didn’t clean

　　C. wasn’t cleaned D. hasn’t been cleaned

　　7. The mayor of Beijing says that all construction work for the Beijing Olympics _____ by 2006.

　　(北京卷)

　　A.has been completed

　　B.has completed

　　C.will have been completed

　　D.will have completed

　　8. The first use of atomic weapons was in 1945. and their power ______ increased enormously ever since.(上海卷)

　　A. is B. was

　　C. has beenD. had been

　　9.—Has Sam finished his homework today?

　　— I have no idea. He____ it this morning.(全國(guó)卷II)

　　A. did B. has done

　　C. was doingD. had done

　　10. Now that she is out of a job, Lucy _____ going back to school, but she hasn’t decided yet. (北京卷)

　　A.had considered

　　B. has been considering

　　C. considered

　　D. is going to consider

　　11. —What were you doing when Tony phoned you ?

　　—I had just finished my work and --------to take a shower.(天津卷)

　　A. had started B. started

　　C. have started D. was starting

　　12.It is said in the book that Thomas Edison (1847-1931) _____the world leading inventor for sixty years .(遼寧)

　　A.would be B.has been C.had been D.was

　　13. ①—You look very tired. ____ at all last night?

　　—No, not really. I’m tired out now. 【2006年陜西卷】

　　A. Do you sleep B. Were you sleeping C. Did you sleep D. Had you slept

　　14.　It is said that the early European playing-cards ____ for entertainment and education. 【2006年遼寧卷】

　　A. were being designed B. have designed C. have been designed D. were designed

　　15.They ____ on the program for almost one week before I joined them, and now we____ it as no good results have come out so far. 【2005年江蘇卷】

　　A. had been working; are still working B. had worked; were still working

　　C. have been working; have worked D. have worked; are still working

　　16. Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across this open sea, which _____the Pacific, and we met no storms. 【2005年遼寧卷】

　　A. was called B. is called C. had been called D. has been called

　　二、題干中給定時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，但所給時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)干擾性強(qiáng)、迷惑性大，考生必須根據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)境進(jìn)行判斷，才能作出解答。

　　例5. I _______while reading the English textbooks. Luckily, my roommate woke me up in time. (2004年春季高考北京卷)

　　A. had fallen asleep B. have fallen asleep

　　C. fell asleep D. fall asleep

　　解析 選C 分析該題題干，while reading the English textbooks為現(xiàn)在分詞作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，因其沒(méi)有明確為過(guò)去時(shí)間所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，還是現(xiàn)在時(shí)間所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，所以，干擾了考生的思維，讓考生產(chǎn)生了定視。不少考生沒(méi)有繼續(xù)讀完后一分句，沒(méi)能看到后一分句中的一般過(guò)去時(shí)，都認(rèn)為前一分句是現(xiàn)在時(shí)間所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，而誤選了選項(xiàng)B、D。實(shí)際上，考生在解答該題時(shí)，只要能讀完整個(gè)題干，把握住句中動(dòng)作所發(fā)生的時(shí)間段，便能作出正確選擇。

　　例6.Why don’t you put the meat in the fridge? It will _______fresh for several days. (NMET2003)

　　A. be stayed B. stay

　　C. be staying D. have stayed

　　解析 選B 該題在語(yǔ)境中測(cè)試一般將來(lái)時(shí)、將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)以及將來(lái)完成時(shí)的用法區(qū)別。該題的關(guān)鍵是句中所提供的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)for several days干擾了考生的思維，不少考生因定勢(shì)思維的影響，總認(rèn)為介詞for引導(dǎo)的一段時(shí)間作狀語(yǔ)，用于完成時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)中，而誤選了答案D(將來(lái)完成時(shí))。事實(shí)上，介詞for引導(dǎo)的一段時(shí)間作狀語(yǔ)既可用于完成時(shí)，也可用于將來(lái)時(shí)和一般過(guò)去式，而將來(lái)完成時(shí)常用于by 或by the end of引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的句式結(jié)構(gòu)中。

　　例7.—You haven’t said a word about my new coat, Brenda. Do you like it?

　　—I’m sorry I ______ anything about it sooner. I certainly think it’s pretty on you.(NMET 02)

　　A. wasn’t saying B. don’t say

　　C. won’t say D. didn’t say

　　解析 選D 該題測(cè)試一般過(guò)去式在語(yǔ)境中的運(yùn)用。題干中所提供的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)sooner給考生的思維帶來(lái)了很大的干擾性。通常情況下，考生對(duì)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)soon理解為“不久，很快”，故很多考生受其影響，都誤選了選項(xiàng)C(一般將來(lái)時(shí))。而sooner在此意為“先前、早些時(shí)候”，強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去，同時(shí)根據(jù)答話人的語(yǔ)氣I’m sorry，也說(shuō)明了對(duì)過(guò)去所發(fā)生事情作出的歉意。所以，應(yīng)選一般過(guò)去時(shí)。

　　例8.He will have learned English for eight years by the time he ________from the university next year. (2002 上海)

　　A. will graduate B. will have graduated

　　C. graduates D. is to graduate

　　解析 選C 該題測(cè)試將來(lái)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)用于時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中，從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代指將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)的用法。一般情況下，當(dāng)題中出現(xiàn)了將來(lái)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，常用一般將來(lái)時(shí)。但該題中將來(lái)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)next year干擾了考生的正常思維，給考生產(chǎn)生了定勢(shì)，誤導(dǎo)考生在A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中徘徊。事實(shí)上，當(dāng)一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句中出現(xiàn)了將來(lái)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，主句常用將來(lái)時(shí)(一般將來(lái)時(shí)或過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí))，而從句則用一般時(shí)態(tài)(一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般過(guò)去時(shí))或完成時(shí)態(tài)(現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)或過(guò)去完成時(shí))。

　　例9.Shirley ______a book about China last year but I don’t know whether she has finished it. (NMET1998)

　　A. has written B. wrote

　　C. had written D. was writing

　　解析 選D 該題測(cè)試過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)與過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)在英語(yǔ)句式中的特殊用法。題中過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)last year導(dǎo)致了考生的定勢(shì)思維，不少考生因此而誤選了選項(xiàng)B(一般過(guò)去時(shí))。分析上下文語(yǔ)境可知，選項(xiàng)部分的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作并非在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間已經(jīng)完成，而是指在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行，故應(yīng)選過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。注意：在這一句式結(jié)構(gòu)中，只有延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞才可與過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)用于過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，強(qiáng)調(diào)在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。

　　實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練

　　1. —Can I help you, sir?

　　—Yes, I bought this radio here yesterday, but it _________.

　　A. didn’t work B. won’t work

　　C. can’t work D. doesn’t work

　　2. Many years ago, Jane ________ in a flat with her grandma for a long period of time.

　　A. had been living B. had lived

　　C. has been living D. lived

　　3. —Long time to see. Haven’t you graduated from college?

　　—Yes. I _______English for four years in Nantong.

　　A. study B. have studied

　　C. am studying D. studied

　　4. The computers made by our company sell best, but several years ago no one could have imagined the role in the market that they _________.

　　A. were playing B. were to play

　　C. had played D. played

　　5. —Hello, Jim. I_____to see you today. Jane said you ill.

　　—Oh, I’m OK.

　　A. don’t expect; were

　　B. haven’t expected; are

　　C. am not expecting; are

　　D. didn’t expect; were

　　三、題干中不直接給定時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)

　　例10.—Sorry to have interrupted you. Please go on.

　　—Where was I?

　　—You _________you didn’t like your father’s job. (2004年春季高考北京卷)

　　A. had said B. said

　　C. were saying D. had been saying

　　解析 選C 該題測(cè)試過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)在特定語(yǔ)境中的運(yùn)用。根據(jù)題干所提供的情景，題干中沒(méi)有明確的表示過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，考生僅能通過(guò)上下文語(yǔ)境及說(shuō)話人的意圖所指動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)間，才能判斷出該動(dòng)作并非指現(xiàn)在，而是發(fā)生在過(guò)去且強(qiáng)調(diào)在過(guò)去某段時(shí)間持續(xù)的狀態(tài)。實(shí)際上，答話人說(shuō)話時(shí)，省略了狀語(yǔ)從句(When I interrupted you, ) you were saying you didn’t like your father’s job.故應(yīng)選用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。

　　例11.I thought Jim would say something about his school report, but he ______ it. (2003上海)

　　A. doesn’t mention B. hadn’t mentioned

　　C. didn’t mention D. hasn’t mentioned

　　解析 選C 該題測(cè)試一般過(guò)去時(shí)在特定語(yǔ)境中的用法。提干沒(méi)有提供任何時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，但分析上下文語(yǔ)境可知，前一并列分句強(qiáng)調(diào)在過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻“認(rèn)為將要發(fā)生的事”，說(shuō)明后一并列分句也在過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻發(fā)生(首先排除選項(xiàng)A、D)。該動(dòng)作又存在在前一并列分句的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生，故再排除選項(xiàng)B，選答案C(一般過(guò)去時(shí))，說(shuō)明與前一分句中主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞thought同時(shí)進(jìn)行。

　　例12. Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology _______ so rapidly. (NMET 2001)

　　A. is changing B. has changed

　　C. will have changed D. will change

　　解析 選A 該題測(cè)試現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)在特定語(yǔ)境中的用法。題干中沒(méi)有提供表示進(jìn)行時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，考生只有通過(guò)上下文語(yǔ)境，才能作出選擇。題干中主句為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，分析從句意義可知，句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為現(xiàn)在且強(qiáng)調(diào)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，故應(yīng)選現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。

　　例13.I _______ping-pong quite well, but I haven’t had time to play since the new year.

　　A. will play B. have played C. played D. play

　　解析 選D 該題測(cè)試一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)在特定語(yǔ)境中的運(yùn)用。從題干中可以看出，沒(méi)有明確的用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，考生在解答該題時(shí)，只有通過(guò)分析上下文語(yǔ)境，才能得知選項(xiàng)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作并非發(fā)生在過(guò)去或?qū)��?lái)，也沒(méi)有任何完成之意義，而是強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作現(xiàn)狀的一般行為，故應(yīng)選一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。

　　例14.—You have left the light on.

　　—Oh, so I have. ________and turn it off. (NMET2000)

　　A. I’ll go B. I’ve gone

　　C. I go D. I’m going

　　解析 選A 該題不僅測(cè)試一般將來(lái)時(shí)在特定語(yǔ)境中的運(yùn)用，同時(shí)還測(cè)試了will do 與be going to do的用法區(qū)別。題干中沒(méi)有表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，但分析上下文語(yǔ)境可知，該動(dòng)作并非已經(jīng)發(fā)生，而是表示將要發(fā)生的事，故應(yīng)選一般將來(lái)時(shí)。但選項(xiàng)A、D都為將來(lái)時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)，考生必須在弄清兩者之間的區(qū)別，即will do強(qiáng)調(diào)臨時(shí)決定將要發(fā)生的事，而be going to do強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去已計(jì)劃過(guò)的將要發(fā)生的事，才能作出正確選擇。

　　例15.The price _______, but I doubt whether it will remain so. (NMET1999)

　　A. went down B. will go down

　　C. has gone down D. was gone down

　　解析 選C 該題測(cè)試現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)在特定語(yǔ)境的運(yùn)用。分析題干，盡管句中沒(méi)有表示現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，但根據(jù)后一并列分句句意可知，選項(xiàng)部分動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作是強(qiáng)調(diào)從過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻開(kāi)始，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或可能還要繼續(xù)下去，故應(yīng)選現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。

　　實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練

　　1. —Don’t smoke, Victor. You are a student anyway.

　　—Well, no one ________me but you at home, Mum. Just this time, OK?

　　A. saw B. is seeing

　　C. has seen D. sees

　　2. Hurry! The train ________. You know it _________ at 8:30a.m.

　　A. leaves; leaves B. is leaving; leaves

　　C. leaves; is leaving D. is leaving; is leaving

　　3. I don’t really work here; I ________until the new secretary arrives.

　　A. just help out B. has just helped out

　　C. am just helping out D. will just help out

　　4. —who is Jerry Cooper?

　　—________? I saw you shaking hands with him at the meeting.

　　A. Don’t you meet him yet

　　B. Hadn’t you met him yet

　　C. Didn’t you meet him yet

　　D. Haven’t you met him yet

　　5. —Oh, it’s you! I ________you.

　　—I’ve just had my hair cut, and I’m wearing new glasses.

　　A. didn’t recognize B. hadn’t recognized

　　C. haven’t recognized D. don’t recognize

　　6.Turn on the television or open a magazine and you ______advertisements showing happy families(湖南)

　　A. will often see B. often see

　　C. are often seeing D. have often seen

　　7.Sales of CDs have greatly increased since the early 1990s, when people _____to enjoy the advantages of this new technology.(江蘇)

　　A. begin B. began

　　C. have begun D. had begun

　　(責(zé)任編輯：郭峰)

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