高一英語(yǔ):上學(xué)期期末復(fù)習(xí)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)

 　　Module 1 Unit 1 Friendship

　　1.add up (把兩個(gè)或以上的數(shù)或量)加起來(lái) add up to 共計(jì)(指加起來(lái)總和是)

　　add … to 把…… 加到……中 add to=increase 增加，增添

　　2. without + n./ v-ing There is no smoke without fire.

　　He went out without speaking He slipped into the room without being notice.

　　by + doing 借助于， 靠

　　3. upset adj.心煩意亂，不舒服的，不適的 disturbed /sick

　　vt.vi 使不安，使心煩，打亂，打翻 (upset-upset- upsetting)

　　nervous (rather afraid) :在事情發(fā)展過(guò)程中有一種害怕的感覺(jué) à 緊張

　　anxious(worried): 由于害怕某種事情會(huì)發(fā)生而感到焦急

　　upset(rather unhappy):由于某事的發(fā)生而感到心煩意亂

　　4. ignore vt. 不理睬，忽視，對(duì)……裝作不知+sb/sth

　　5. calm down vt. Vi. 平靜下來(lái)，使平靜

　　6. concern vt 涉及n. 關(guān)心，關(guān)注，(利害)關(guān)系

　　be concerned about/for 關(guān)心，掛念

　　7. reason 理由,動(dòng)機(jī)(explain why it happens or what causes it happen)決定做某事或

　　采取某一行動(dòng)的理由，由此而得出結(jié)論或解釋, 具有主觀性。(conclusion) + for

　　cause 原因 (引起某事的后果或起因,usually a bad event ) 具有客觀性 (effect ) + of

　　8. While walking the dog, you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car.

　　=While you were walking the dog……

　　當(dāng)When, while, before, after, once, if, unless, even if等引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)與句子的主語(yǔ)一致時(shí)，可將從句的主語(yǔ)和be動(dòng)詞省去.

　　While living in England, he picked up some English.

　　While asked about her family, she began to cry.

　　9. share vt.分享，分擔(dān) share…in sth (with sb.) share (in) sth among / between sb.

　　10.…, like your deepest feelings (feeling) and thoughts. like= such as

　　a feeling of… have a feeling that… .

　　show much feeling for…(對(duì)…的感情，同情，體諒 u.n.)

　　11.go through vt. ①experience ,經(jīng)歷，遭受 ②look at carefully,

　　③finish sth. or complete sth., use up ④ 穿過(guò)，通過(guò)

　　12. hide ( hides -- hiding --- hid --- hidden)

　　hide away + 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ) hide away + 賓語(yǔ) 躲藏，隱藏

　　hide +賓語(yǔ) + away

　　13. set down= write down = put down

　　14. a series of = a set of一連串的，一系列，一套

　　Two series of new stamps have come out.

　　15. crazy adj. be/grow crazy about/of sth.

　　be crazy to do sth.

　　16. stay awake (remain / keep)

　　17. on purpose 故意

　　for (the) purpose of 為的是; 為了....起見(jiàn); 為了...的目的

　　with the purpose of 以(有)......的目的.

　　18. in order to + do 為了…起見(jiàn);以便 in order that + 從句

　　In order to catch the early bus, she got up early.

　　She got up early so as to/ in order to catch the early bus.

　　in order not to so as not to

　　19. dare 情態(tài)mod.v dare do(多用于否定句，疑問(wèn)句，條件狀語(yǔ)從句)

　　dared do (過(guò)去時(shí))

　　dare not do = daren’t do

　　eg. I daren’t speak to him. No one dared ask him.

　　實(shí)義vt. dare(s) (to) do

　　don’t/ doesn’t/ didn’t dare( to) do

　　eg. he will dare any danger. He didn’t dare( to )go.

　　20. happen to do sth. 碰巧做…..

　　21.It is /was the first time(second time…) that … have/had done(時(shí)態(tài)用完成時(shí))

　　某人第幾次干某事

　　22. face to face adv. face-to-face adj.

　　23. put away把…關(guān)起來(lái)，收拾，把…放在一邊

　　24. according to + n./代詞

　　25. outdoors --- indoors adv. n. outdoor---- indoor adj.

　　26. get along (well) with sb. = get on with 與…相處，進(jìn)展

　　27. fall in love with (表示動(dòng)作)

　　be in love with (表示狀態(tài))

　　28. have got to = have to

　　29. habit 習(xí)慣 have / be in the habit of 有…..的習(xí)慣

　　get into / form the habit of 養(yǎng)成…..的習(xí)慣

　　30. Your friend can’t go until he/she finishes claening the bicycle.

　　a…..not….until….

　　b. It is not until he/she finishes claening the bicycle that your friend can go.

　　c. Not until he/she finishes claening the bicycle can your friend go.

　　31.There is /was a time when….. 有段時(shí)間怎么了….

　　Module 1 Unit 2 English around the world

　　1. more than

　�、賛ore than +數(shù)詞= over …. 以上, 超過(guò)，多于， ….有余

　　By then he was more than fifty years old.

　　②more than + 名詞 不只，不僅僅，超過(guò)，遠(yuǎn)不止 (not only)

　　Helen and Mary are more than classmates. They are close friends.

　�、踡ore than + 動(dòng)詞 十分， 大大地， 遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)地，極大地 (much)

　　He more than smiled; he laughed outright.

　　What he did more than satisfied me.

　　④more than + adj./adv. 非常，十分， 更加， 深為 (very)

　　I’m more than happy to hear that. He is more than selfish.

　　When I asked them for help, they were more than glad to come.

　�、輒ore than one 名詞單數(shù)，后面的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù) “不止一個(gè)，不只一個(gè)”

　　More than one person has known it.

　　no more than 只是,僅僅，只不過(guò) not more than 至多，最多，不超過(guò)

　　2. in (some important )…way(s) / by…means 在……方面

　　3.one another = each other 彼此，相互之間

　　4. include including sth. sth included contain

　　1)用作及物動(dòng)詞，意為“ 包括;包含”，不能用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。

　　2)include 還可作“ 包含于…里面;算入”講，常與in, on, among 介詞等連用。

　　5.play a role / part ( in ) 意為“ 在……中擔(dān)任角色;在……中起作用”。

　　take (on) /perform a role 扮演角色 a leading/starting role 主角

　　6. Because of +sth. / v-ing / what ( n. clause)

　　Because + 句子

　　7. nearly 與 almost

　　(1)兩者通用的場(chǎng)合。a.在肯定句中。 b.修飾all, every, always 等時(shí)。

　　c.在行為動(dòng)詞的否定式前時(shí)。

　　(2)只用 almost 的場(chǎng)合。

　　a.和any, no, none, nothing, nobody, nowhere, never 等連用時(shí)。

　　b.和too, more than 等連用時(shí)。 c.和表示感覺(jué)或心理活動(dòng)的靜態(tài)動(dòng)詞連用時(shí)。

　　(3)只用nearly的場(chǎng)合。 a.被 very, not, pretty等修飾時(shí)。

　　b.和具體數(shù)字連用時(shí)(nearly常用)。

　　8. than ever before 比以往任何時(shí)候更……

　　在比較級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)中，副詞 ever 與比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)連用，用來(lái)加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣.

　　ever在不同句型中的意義： 1)曾經(jīng);以前(用于疑問(wèn)句)

　　2)無(wú)論什么時(shí)候都(不)(用語(yǔ)否定句) 3)曾經(jīng)(用于if 從句)

　　4)到底;究竟(用于特殊疑問(wèn)句) 5)永遠(yuǎn);老是(用于肯定句)

　　9. for example 同類(lèi)的“一個(gè)”，用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)，可置于句首，句中和句末

　　such as 只能舉其中一部分，不能全部舉出。

　　10. come up 上來(lái), 走近; 被提出; 發(fā)芽; 升起

　　11.(1) even if ( = even though ): in spite of the fact; no matter whether 即使;盡管

　　是連詞詞組，用來(lái)引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句;若主、從句皆表示將來(lái)情況，從句中可用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來(lái)時(shí)。

　　(2) even if 從句所說(shuō)的不那么肯定。 even though 從句是事實(shí)。

　　12. So why has English changed over time? over= throughout / during

　　13. actually = in fact = as a matter of fact 事實(shí)上，實(shí)際上

　　14. base on/upon… 以…為基礎(chǔ) be based on

　　15. close v./adj./ close (adv)位置上接近 closely (adv) 抽象關(guān)系上的密切

　　close to 相近, 靠近, 幾乎 be close to 表狀態(tài) get close to表動(dòng)作

　　16. in the 1600’s= in the 1600s

　　17. make (good/full/no/the most/ the best…) use of使用

　　18. a number of +可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) 大量的(其后謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù))

　　the number of +可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) …的數(shù)目(其后謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù))

　　The number of the students adds up to 2000 in our school.

　　只能修飾可數(shù)名詞的：a large/ great/ good number of,

　　a good/ great many, dozens of, scores of, quite a few

　　只能修飾不可數(shù)名詞的：a great deal of, a large amount of,

　　quite a little, a large sum of

　　既可修飾可數(shù)，不可數(shù)名詞的：plenty of, a lot of, lots of, a large quantity of

　　19. Only time will tell. 時(shí)間會(huì)證明一切 tell 知道, 判斷

　　tell A from B: 區(qū)分，分別

　　20.Believe it or not.

　　21. However, even on TV and the radio you will hear differences in the way (that/ in which) people speak.

　　22. recognize = to know and remember sb/sth. one has seen before. 認(rèn)出。

　　從外表上辨認(rèn)出，指一時(shí)性的動(dòng)作

　　know表示知道有這個(gè)人并認(rèn)識(shí)他，在一定程度上對(duì)他有了解，指長(zhǎng)久性的動(dòng)作

　　I know him, but when I saw him last night, I could hardly recognize him.

　　Module 1 Unit 3 Travel journal

　　1. When are you leaving? Where are you staying?

　　用進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來(lái)的動(dòng)詞: go , come, leave, start, begin, return, stay, play, fly, drive,

　　sleep, reach, walking, ride, move…

　　2. dream about = dream of sth /doing sth. dreamed/ dreamt

　　dream that… realize one’s dream our dream come true

　　have a dream= dream a dream

　　3. It was my sister who first had the ides to…..強(qiáng)調(diào)句：

　　It was/is+強(qiáng)調(diào)成分+that-/who-分句

　�、� It + be (not) + 強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+ that /who + 句子剩余部分

　�、� Be + it + 強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+ that /who + 句子剩余部分?

　　Was it at the end of 2001 that China joined WTO?

　�、� 特殊疑問(wèn)詞+ be + it +that /who + 句子剩余部分?

　　When was it that China joined WTO?

　　4. .persuade vt.說(shuō)服; 勸服; vi.被說(shuō)服

　　persuade + sb.

　　sb. of sth. 使某人相信某事

　　sb. that clause

　　sb. to do sth. = persuade sb. into doing sth.

　　sb. out of doing sth. = persuade sb. not to do sth

　　try to persuade sb to do sth. = advise sb to do sth. 說(shuō)服未成功

　　5.although, though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句不能再和but, and, however連用, 但可以和副詞yet, still連用。although從句多放在句首, though從句可在主句前，中，后任何位置，而且though可以作副詞用于句末，作 “但是，不過(guò)”講，而although無(wú)此用法。

　　6. insist : 堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為，堅(jiān)持主張

　　1) insist on / upon one’s doing sth 堅(jiān)持做,堅(jiān)決做

　　2) insist that +從句堅(jiān)持說(shuō)/認(rèn)為(后表示一個(gè)事實(shí)), 后接的從句用陳述語(yǔ)氣, 既按需要選擇時(shí)態(tài)。

　　3) insist that sb. (should) do sth.堅(jiān)決主張做某事, 后接的賓語(yǔ)從句常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣

　　7.properly (adv.) proper (adj.)

　　finally (adv.) final ( adj)

　　8. care about : be worried about 憂(yōu)慮,關(guān)心

　　care for sb/sth : look after, love or like希望, 喜歡, 照顧

　　9. determine v. 決定, 下定決心, 確定 determined adj. 堅(jiān)決的, 有決心的

　　1) determine to do sth.(動(dòng)作) 2) determine +從句

　　3) determine +疑問(wèn)詞+ to do 4) be determined to do sth. 決心做(狀態(tài))

　　He was determined to do it for a long time.

　　10.change one’s mind 改變某人的主意

　　make up one’s mind 下定決心 keep…in mind 記住

　　11.at an altitude of = at a height of 在海拔……米處 attitude

　　at 后接年齡, 速度, 長(zhǎng)寬深高, 價(jià)格, 費(fèi)用等 “在……處/時(shí), 以……”

　　at the age of at a high / low price at a depth/width of

　　at the speed of at the cost of at a distance of

　　12….the air was would hard to breath….

　　主語(yǔ) + be + adj.+ to do sth. 即不定式用主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)含義

　　這類(lèi)形容詞有surprised, moved, disappointed, pleased, happy, sad, delighted, sorry, interested, glad, worried, etc.

　　13. give in (to sb./sth.) 屈服于, 讓步, 遞交 give up 放棄, 認(rèn)輸

　　give out 筋疲力盡;分配 give away 捐贈(zèng), 泄露

　　14. across / through /over

　　across表示從一定范圍的一邊到另一邊或事物交叉位置,“橫穿, 橫跨”表面,含

　　義與on 有關(guān)

　　through 表達(dá)兩邊穿過(guò)或穿過(guò)空間內(nèi)部, 含義與in 有關(guān)

　　over表示 “越過(guò)” 是指越過(guò)較高的物體從一側(cè)到另一側(cè)

　　The new railway winds its way to Tibet, over mountains through tunnels and across rivers.

　　15. as usual

　　16. encourage sb. to do sth. encourage sb in doing sth. encouraged/ encouraging

　　17. To climb the mountain road was hard work but to go down the hill was great fun. fun fun [U n. ] 玩笑, 樂(lè)事, 有趣的事

　　have fun=enjoy oneself It is much/great fun to do… 做……很有趣

　　18.change v.“換衣, 更換” change n “零錢(qián)”

　　get changed 換好衣服 change A for B 用A換B

　　19.make camp 扎營(yíng), 宿營(yíng) go camping 去露營(yíng), 去野營(yíng)

　�、� make +n.+ n. 使…… ② make +n.+ adj. 使……

　　③ make +n.+ do sth. 使某人做某事 * 被動(dòng)式 be made to do sth

　�、� make +n.+過(guò)去分詞

　　20.put up ① 舉起, 抬起 = raise ② 掛起, 張貼

　�、� 建造, 搭起 = build ④ 住宿, 留宿

　　put away 把……收起來(lái), 存放 put back 放回原處

　　put down 放下, 寫(xiě)下, 鎮(zhèn)壓 put forward 提出

　　put off 推遲, 拖延 put out 撲滅, 伸出

　　put one’s heart to 全神貫注于 put an end to 使結(jié)束

　　21. so far

　　22. We can hardly wait to see them!

　　23. for one thing,……for another,…….首先…，其次…

　　on the one hand,….. on the other hand…..

　　24. different adj. difference n. differently adv. differ v.

　　the difference between A and B

　　A be different from B.

　　25. be familiar to sb. (主語(yǔ)是物) 熟悉

　　be familiar with sth. (主語(yǔ)是人)

　　Module 1 Unit 4 Earthquakes

　　1. It is always calm before a strom.

　　2. right away =at once; in no time; immediately right now : at this very moment

　　3. rise [raiz] vi. 升起, 起身, 增長(zhǎng), 上升, rose-risen

　　raise [reiz] vt.升起, 喚起, 提高, 使出現(xiàn), 飼養(yǎng), 籌集, 使復(fù)活 raised-raised

　　arise [ ‘raiz] vi. 出現(xiàn), 發(fā)生, 起因于 arose--arisen

　　4. burst : to come open or fly apart suddenly

　　burst into + n. burst out + doing

　　burst into tears/ laughter burst out crying / laughing

　　5. at an end be at an end

　　at the end of 用于表示具體事物或場(chǎng)所的場(chǎng)合，它也可以用來(lái)表示比喻意;

　　by the end of 用于表示時(shí)間的場(chǎng)合到……結(jié)束的時(shí)候，用于過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài);

　　in the end 意思“最后、終于”。

　　6. cut across 橫穿，跨越 cut in v.插嘴, 插入,

　　cut off v.切斷, 斷絕, 剝奪繼承權(quán) cut down. v.砍倒, 勝過(guò), 削減, 刪節(jié)

　　cut up v.切碎, 抨擊, 殲滅, 使喪氣 cut out v.切掉, 裁剪出, 取代, 停止

　　7. lay in ruins lie—lied —lied —lying 說(shuō)謊

　　lie—lay —lain —lying 躺, 平放, 展現(xiàn)(開(kāi)),位于

　　lay—laid—laid —laying vt. 放置, 鋪設(shè), 布置 vi.下蛋, 打賭

　　ruin /destroy /damage/ injure

　　damage指部分“損壞”、“損害”、“破壞”或指使用價(jià)值有所降低。N.&V 用作名詞時(shí)常與to something 連用。

　　destroy 只能用作v.,指徹底破壞,以致不可能修復(fù),常作“破壞”、“毀滅”解,也

　　可以指希望、計(jì)劃等打破。

　　(責(zé)任編輯：康彥林)

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