運(yùn)用上下文和構(gòu)詞法猜詞

南開中學(xué) 段勝利

例三 “It’s important to let children experience the reality of death, if it can be done in an atmosphere of love and caring. A child whose sibling, parent or grandparent is seriously ill can be made to feel helpful by being allowed to run errands(跑腿). Even a very young child can comfort a sick loved one with a cheering visit.”

Judging from the passage, the underlined word “sibling” in the paragraph probably means .

A. friend B. brother or sister

C. cousin D. relative

答案B。猜測(cè)sibling這個(gè)詞時(shí)，需要注意它是與parent or grandparent一起羅列出來的，這是通過列舉歸納的方法來猜測(cè)詞義的很好的例子。sibling, parent or grandparent都與孩子有親屬關(guān)系，從這樣的列舉我們不難推斷sibling應(yīng)當(dāng)是“兄弟姐妹”。

例四 Johnson looked like a man wanted in Los Angeles for robbery, so the police detained him at San Pedro for the night.The next day, Johnson telephoned his friends in Los Angeles. They drove to San Pedro and made the police believe that Johnson was a harmless salesman, so they set him free.

The underlined word “detained” probably means __________.

A. caught B. controlled

C. kept D. hurt

答案C。detained前面出現(xiàn)了a man wanted(被通緝的人)，the police(警察局)；它的下面又出現(xiàn)了at San Pedro for the night(在San Pedro過一夜)，綜合分析上下文的信息，應(yīng)當(dāng)是拘留，也就是用kept一詞，注意不能用caught，這是個(gè)動(dòng)作動(dòng)詞，表示“逮著了”，但不能說“逮著了一夜”。

例五 Jacob Blitzstein surprised his fellow students all the time. He isn’t some stuffy guy, though he wears his neat gray beard and conservative (traditional) clothes.

The word “stuffy” in the paragraph means _______.

A. old-fashioned

B. respectable

C. narrow-minded

D. fat

答案A。stuffy后面有一個(gè)though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句，說明出現(xiàn)了反義信息，但是stuffy前面又有not，說明stuffy就是wears his neat gray beard and conservative (traditional) clothes傳遞出的信息，因此選擇old-fashioned“傳統(tǒng)的，守舊的”。

例六 If left to himself, he would have whistled ( 吹口哨) life away in perfect satisfaction; but his wife was always mad at him for his idleness (懶散). Morning, noon, and night, her tongue was endlessly going, so that he was forced to escape to the outside of the house ——the only side which, in truth, belongs to a henpecked husband.

The underlined words “henpecked husband” in the paragraph probably means a man who______.

A. likes hunting

B. is afraid of hens

C. loves his wife

D. is afraid of his wife

答案D。henpecked husband是通過前文事例，最后做出的歸納。進(jìn)行猜詞時(shí)，要分析文段所描述的人物特點(diǎn)：自己待著，無拘無束，其樂融融；而他的妻子卻總會(huì)為他的懶散而惱怒，整天嘮叨他，結(jié)果他不得已跑出家去。這種表現(xiàn)明顯的是“氣管炎”，怕老婆。

　　(責(zé)任編輯：王曉冬)

　　特別說明：由于各省份高考政策等信息的不斷調(diào)整與變化，育路高考網(wǎng)所提供的所有考試信息僅供考生及家長參考，敬請(qǐng)考生及家長以權(quán)威部門公布的正式信息為準(zhǔn)。