南開中學(xué) 李士明

【例5】我到那之后馬上就給你打電話。

When I arrive there, I'll give you a call。(一般表達(dá)法)

(when引起時(shí)間狀語從句，修飾動(dòng)詞give。)

Arriving there, I'll give you a call。(較高表達(dá)法)

(現(xiàn)在分詞短語做狀語，修飾動(dòng)詞give，表示兩個(gè)動(dòng)作在相對(duì)同時(shí)發(fā)生。注意to arrive表示動(dòng)作在give的相對(duì)將來才發(fā)生，在此不可以使用。另外也不可以使用having arrived，因?yàn)榉衷~的完成式，表示先于give發(fā)生的獨(dú)立動(dòng)作。)

【例6】如果天氣允許的話，我們明天去劃船。

If weather permits, we'll go boating tomorrow。(一般表達(dá)法)

(if引起條件狀語從句，修飾動(dòng)詞go。)

Weather permitting， we'll go boating tomorrow。(高檔表達(dá)法)

(含有邏輯主語的現(xiàn)在分詞短語稱作獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，在句中做狀語，修飾動(dòng)詞go。)

【例7】司機(jī)駕車撞人之后逃之夭夭，只留下被撞的老人倒在路上。

The driver escaped without stopping；he left but the old man was lying on the road。(一般表達(dá)法)

(分號(hào)兩側(cè)的兩個(gè)句子相當(dāng)于并列句，后句又是一個(gè)由but連接的并列句。)

The driver escaped without stopping, leaving the old man lying on the road。(高檔表達(dá)法)

(并列句的次要分句可以在不用連詞的情況下轉(zhuǎn)為非謂語動(dòng)詞短語，做伴隨情況狀語，leaving表示主動(dòng)含義，與前面的動(dòng)作escaped相對(duì)同時(shí)發(fā)生，后面的并列句在不同的情況下，保留lying，擔(dān)當(dāng)old man的賓語補(bǔ)足語。)

【例8】我兄弟騎著車，車后座上馱著我。

My brother was riding the bike and I sat on the seat behind him。

(一般表達(dá)法)

(and連接并列句。)

My brother was riding the bike，with me sitting on the seat behind him。(高檔表達(dá)法)

(with引起的介詞短語替代原來的并列句，表示伴隨情況。)

【例9】克瑞斯蒂娜教授在許多學(xué)生的簇?fù)硐伦叱隽藢?shí)驗(yàn)室。

Professor Christina walked out of the lab and she was followed by many students。(一般表達(dá)法)

(and連接并列句，第二分句的謂語為被動(dòng)語態(tài)。)

Professor Christina walked out of the lab，followed by many students。

(較高表達(dá)法)

(不使用并列連詞and，留下過去分詞短語做伴隨情況狀語。)

Professor Christina walked out of the lab，with many students following her。(高檔表達(dá)法)

(with引起的介詞短語替代原來的并列句，并以現(xiàn)在分詞的主動(dòng)形式表示伴隨情況。)

【例10】一旦見到，終生難忘。

Once it is seen, it can never be forgotten。(一般表達(dá)法)

(once引起條件狀語從句，修飾謂語動(dòng)詞。)

Once seen, it can never be forgotten。(較高表達(dá)法)

(將原來的狀語從句簡(jiǎn)化為過去分詞短語，表示被動(dòng)，用做狀語。)

6。省略含蓄法

【例1】孤身一人且很不快樂，他開始考慮如何才能離開那個(gè)鬼地方。

Because he was lonely and unhappy, he began to think about how to leave that place。(一般表達(dá)法)

(because引起狀語從句，修飾謂語動(dòng)詞began。)

Lonely and unhappy, he began to think about how to leave this place。(高檔表達(dá)法)

(保留狀語從句的表語形容詞用做狀語，句子顯得簡(jiǎn)潔清楚，干凈利索。)

【例2】又冷又餓(饑寒交迫)，老人倒在地上。

Because he was cold and hungry, the old man fell on the ground。

(一般表達(dá)法)

(because引起狀語從句，修飾謂語動(dòng)詞fell。)

Cold and hungry, the old man fell on the ground。(較高表達(dá)法)

(保留狀語從句的表語形容詞cold and hungry做狀語，修飾謂語動(dòng)詞fell。)