二、六個(gè)主要的貿(mào)易術(shù)語(yǔ)(其中傳統(tǒng)的貿(mào)易術(shù)語(yǔ)有三個(gè)：FOB,CFR,CIF;在傳統(tǒng)基礎(chǔ)上新發(fā)展的貿(mào)易術(shù)語(yǔ)有三個(gè)：FCA, CPT, CIP ) (考試重點(diǎn))

　2-1 傳統(tǒng)的三個(gè)貿(mào)易術(shù)語(yǔ)

　　FOB – Free On Board (...named port of shipment) 船上交貨(指定裝運(yùn)港)

　　定義：means that the seller delivers when the goods pass the ship’s rail at the named part of shipment. 　指當(dāng)貨物在指定的裝運(yùn)港越過船舷,賣方即完成交貨。

　　注釋：pass: 越過，通過;　ship’s rail: 船舷;　named:　指定的

　　這個(gè)術(shù)語(yǔ)應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn)：

　　1. The buyer has to bear all costs and risks of loss of or damage to the goods from that point. 即買方在貨物越過船舷之后承擔(dān)所有的費(fèi)用，風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和損失。

　　2. FOB term requires the seller to clear the goods for export.即FOB條款要求由賣方辦理貨物的出口清關(guān)手續(xù)。

　　3. FOB term can be used only for sea or inland waterway transport.即FOB條款只適用于海運(yùn)或者是內(nèi)河運(yùn)輸。

　　注釋：inland waterway transport: 內(nèi)河運(yùn)輸

　　CFR - Cost and Freight (... named port of destination) 成本加運(yùn)費(fèi)(指定目的港)

　　定義：means that the seller delivers when the goods pass the ship’s rail in the port of shipment.指當(dāng)貨物在指定的裝運(yùn)港越過船舷，賣方即完成交貨。

　　這個(gè)術(shù)語(yǔ)應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn)：

　　1. The seller must pay the costs and freight necessary to bring the goods to the named port of destination. 即賣方必須支付貨物運(yùn)至目的港所需要的運(yùn)費(fèi)和費(fèi)用。(與FOB的區(qū)別)

　　2. But the risk of loss of or damage to the goods, as well as any additional costs due to events occurring after the time of delivery, are transferred from the seller to the buyer.　但是交貨后貨物滅失或損壞的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，以及由于各種條件造成的任何額外費(fèi)用，即由賣方轉(zhuǎn)移到買方。(風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的劃分與FOB不一樣的。是在目的港船舷。)

　　注釋：occur:(事件等)發(fā)生;events: 事件 transfer: 轉(zhuǎn)移

　　3. CFR term requires the seller to clear the goods for export.即由賣方負(fù)責(zé)辦理貨物的出口清關(guān)手續(xù)。(同F(xiàn)OB)

　　4. CFR term can be used only for sea and inland waterway transport.即CFR只適用于海運(yùn)和內(nèi)陸水路運(yùn)輸(同F(xiàn)OB)

　　CIF-Cost, Insurance, and Freight (...named port of destination) 成本，保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)加運(yùn)費(fèi)(指定目的港)

　　定義:means that the seller delivers when the goods pass the ship’s rail in the port of shipment.即當(dāng)貨物在裝運(yùn)港越過船舷之后，賣方即完成交貨義務(wù)。

　　這個(gè)術(shù)語(yǔ)我們應(yīng)該注意以下幾點(diǎn)：

　　1. The seller must pay the costs and freight necessary to bring the goods to the named port of destination. 即賣方必須支付貨物運(yùn)至目的港所需要的運(yùn)費(fèi)和費(fèi)用。(同CFR)

　　2. But the risk of loss of or damage to the goods, as well as any additional costs due to events occurring after the time of delivery, are transferred from the seller to the buyer.　但是交貨后貨物滅失或損壞的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，以及由于各種條件造成的任何額外費(fèi)用，即由賣方轉(zhuǎn)移到買方。(風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的劃分與CFR 是一樣的)

　　3. However, in CIF the seller also has to procure insurance against the buyer’s risk of loss of or damage to the goods during the carriage. Consequently the seller contracts for insurance and pays the insurance premium.但是，在CIF條件下，賣方還需要辦理買方貨物在運(yùn)輸途中滅失或損壞風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的海運(yùn)保險(xiǎn)。因此，由賣方簽訂保險(xiǎn)合同并且支付保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)用(不同于FOB和CFR,)

　　注釋：procure: (尤指用心或者費(fèi)力)獲得，取得，在這里我們引申為“辦理”;　against:　反對(duì)，對(duì)于 carriage: 運(yùn)費(fèi)，運(yùn)輸(在這里指的是“運(yùn)輸”);consequently: 因此，所以;　contract:在這里是動(dòng)詞的用法，意為：簽約，訂立合同(常與with 和for連用); insurance premium: 保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)

　　4. CIF term requires the seller to clear the goods for export. 即由賣方負(fù)責(zé)辦理貨物的出口清關(guān)手續(xù)。(同F(xiàn)OB和CFR)

　　2-2 在傳統(tǒng)貿(mào)易術(shù)語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)上發(fā)展的三個(gè)貿(mào)易術(shù)語(yǔ)

　　FCA-Free Carrier (...named place) 貨交承運(yùn)人(指定地點(diǎn))

　　定義：means that sellers delivers the goods, cleared for export, to the carrier nominated by the buyer at the named place.是指賣方只要將貨物在指定的地點(diǎn)交給由買方制定的承運(yùn)人，并辦理出口清關(guān)手續(xù)，即完成交貨。

　　注釋：nominated:　指定的，指派的

　　這一術(shù)語(yǔ)應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn)：

　　1. Seller should clear the goods for export.賣方負(fù)責(zé)辦理出口清關(guān)手續(xù)。

　　2. The chosen place of delivery has an impact on the obligations of loading and unloading the goods at that place.交貨地點(diǎn)的選擇對(duì)于在該地點(diǎn)裝貨和卸貨的義務(wù)會(huì)產(chǎn)生影響。

　　- If delivery occurs at the seller’s premises, the seller is responsible for loading.如賣方在其所在地交貨，則由賣方負(fù)責(zé)裝貨。

　　- If delivery occurs at any other place, the seller is not responsible for unloading.如賣方在任何其他地點(diǎn)交貨，則賣方不負(fù)責(zé)卸貨。

　　注釋：impact: 常與on聯(lián)用，對(duì)...施加影響;premise: 生產(chǎn)場(chǎng)所，經(jīng)營(yíng)場(chǎng)址(在這里引申為“所在地”之意)

　　3.FCA term may be used irrespective of the mode of transport, including multimodal transport.

　　FCA術(shù)語(yǔ)可用于各種運(yùn)輸方式，包括多式聯(lián)運(yùn)。

　　注釋：irrespective: 常與of聯(lián)用，意為：不論...的，任何的;multimodal transport:多式聯(lián)運(yùn)(multi-前綴,常表示“多種的”的意思)

　　4.If the buyer nominates a person other than a carrier to receive the goods, the seller is deemed to have fulfilled his obligation to deliver the goods when they are delivered to that person.若買方制定承運(yùn)人以外的人領(lǐng)取貨物，則當(dāng)賣方將貨物交給此人時(shí)，即視為已履行交貨義務(wù)，(風(fēng)險(xiǎn)轉(zhuǎn)移給買方)

　　注釋：other than: 除了，不同于; be deemed to: 被視為; fulfill: 履行，完成。