二、Different Types of shipping services 不同類型的海上運(yùn)輸服務(wù)　(考試重點(diǎn))

　2-1 課文：The international shipping market offers four types of service, namely, conference lines, non-conference lines, non-vessel operation common carriers and tramp service.

　　注釋：namely: 即，就是，換句話說(=that is) conference lines:　班輪公會(huì)運(yùn)輸　non-conference lines:　非班輪公會(huì)運(yùn)輸　non-vessel operation common carriers: 無營運(yùn)船公共承運(yùn)人　tramp service:　不定期船運(yùn)輸　(tramp: 在這里是指的“不定期航行”)

　　課文意思：國際海上運(yùn)輸市場提供了四種類型的服務(wù)，即班輪公會(huì)運(yùn)輸，非班輪公會(huì)運(yùn)輸，無營運(yùn)船公共承運(yùn)人和不定期船運(yùn)輸

　　2-2 Conference Lines 班輪公會(huì)運(yùn)輸

　　2-2.1課文：A shipping conference is a group of shipping lines operating in any particular route under agreement to provide a scheduled service with a common tariff and a fixed itinerary of ports of call.(班輪公會(huì)的定義，了解一下)

　　注釋：shipping conference:班輪公會(huì)　group: 團(tuán)體，集團(tuán)　shipping lines: 班輪運(yùn)輸　operating: 運(yùn)行的，操作的　particular: 特殊的，特定的　under agreement: 按照協(xié)議的，在這里引申為“預(yù)定的” scheduled: 按船期表的　tariff:費(fèi)率表，運(yùn)費(fèi)表(我們最常用的詞義是“關(guān)稅”)　fixed:固定的　itinerary:路線，旅行計(jì)劃　ports of call: 掛靠港，�？扛�

　　課文意思：班輪公會(huì)是按預(yù)定的船期表在特定的航線上從事營運(yùn)的班輪公司的組織，具有共同的費(fèi)率表、固定的掛靠港。

　　2-2.2課文: The purpose of a shipping conference is to eliminate price competition among member lines and reduce outside competition by trying to capture most of the traffic for member lines through loyalty arrangements with shippers.

　　注釋：purpose:目的　eliminate：消除，除去　price competition: 運(yùn)價(jià)競爭　member lines: 會(huì)員公司　reduce:減少　outside competition: 外部競爭　capture:獲得，爭取(原義是“捕獲”)　traffic: 在這里是“買賣，交易”的意思　loyalty: 忠誠，忠實(shí)(loyalty agreement: 忠誠協(xié)議)　shipper:托運(yùn)人

　　課文意思：班輪運(yùn)輸?shù)哪康氖窍�除�?huì)員公司之間在運(yùn)價(jià)上的競爭，通過與托運(yùn)人之間達(dá)成的忠誠協(xié)議為會(huì)員爭取大量貨源，以減少外部競爭。

　　2-2.3

　　對于托運(yùn)人來說班輪公會(huì)運(yùn)輸?shù)膬?yōu)勢(兩點(diǎn))：

　　1. Stability of freight rates.　穩(wěn)定的運(yùn)費(fèi)率　(stability: 穩(wěn)定，穩(wěn)定性)

　　2. Regularity of services.　定期的運(yùn)輸服務(wù)　(regularity:定期，規(guī)則，規(guī)則性)