Part C

　　Directions:

　　Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)

　　What has science learned about what makes people happy? More than one might imagine—along with some surprising things about what doesn’t ring our inner chimes. Take wealth, for instance, and all the delightful things that money can buy. (46) Research by scientists has shown that once your basic needs are met, additional income does little to raise your sense of satisfaction with life. A good education? Sorry, neither education nor, for that matter, a high IQ paves the road to happiness. Youth? No, again. In fact, older people are more consistently satisfied with their lives that the young. And they’re less prone to dark moods. Marriage? A complicated picture: married people are generally happier than singles, but that may be because they were happier to begin with。

　　On the positive side, friendship seems to genuinely lift the spirit. (47) A study found that the most salient characteristics shared by the 10% of students with the highest levels of happiness and the fewest signs of depression were their strong ties to friends and family and commitment to spending time with them。

　　Of course, happiness is not a static state. Even the happiest of people—the cheeriest 10%—feel blue at times. And even the bluest have their moments of joy. That has presented a challenge to social scientists trying to measure happiness. Researchers have devised several methods of assessment. One of the most basic and widely used tools is the Satisfaction with Life Scale. (48) Though some scholars have questioned the validity of this simple, five-question survey, it squares well with other measures of happiness, such as impressions from friends and family, expression of positive emotion and low incidence of depression。

　　(49) Adrian White from the University of Leicester has complied a map of global happiness, using responses to the Satisfaction with Life Scale questionnaire. (50) If you ask those questions of people in 180 nations and normalize the data so that your unhappiest country (Burundi) equals 100 and your happiest (Denmark) equals 273 and color code all countries by their happiness (darker equals happier)， you get this lovely map。

　　參考答案

　　Part C(10 points)

　　46.科學家的研究表明，一旦你的基本需求得到滿足，額外的收入對提高你生活滿意度的作用便微乎其微。

　　47.一項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，在快樂程度最高并且最沒有沮喪表現(xiàn)的學生群體中，有10%的人最顯著的特點就是和朋友、家庭成員聯(lián)系緊密，并且致力于花時間和他們呆在一起。

　　48.盡管一些學者對這種僅有五個問題的簡單問卷調查的有效性提出疑問，但它與其他對快樂的測評方法表現(xiàn)出了一致性，例如來自朋友和家庭成員的印象、積極情緒的表達，以及沮喪情緒的低發(fā)生率。

　　49.萊斯特大學的艾德里安·懷特運用人們對“生活滿意程度問卷調查”的回答，編制了一張反應全球快樂狀況的地圖。

　　50.如果你用上述問題提問180個國家的人民并且統(tǒng)一量化這些數據——最不快樂的國家布隆迪數值為100，最快樂的國家丹麥數值為273，然后安快樂水平用顏色深淺標示(顏色越深，表示越快樂)，你就回得到這張有趣的地圖了。

　　全文翻譯

　　什么東西使人感到快樂？科學對此有何了解？比人們所想想的要多。此外，對于并不能使人內心震撼的事情，科學也有一些驚人發(fā)現(xiàn)。比如財富，以及一切可以用金錢買來的令人愉快的東西。科學家的研究表明，一旦你的基本需求得到滿足，額外的收入對提高你生活滿意度的作用便微乎其微。

　　良好的教育？抱歉，無論是教育還是智商，都不是通向快樂的途徑。年輕？又錯了。事實上，年長者比起年輕人對他們的生活更能感覺到持久的滿足，而且較少傾向于情緒失落�；橐觯窟@是一個復雜的情況：已婚人士大體比單身時要快了些，但可能因為他們正處于婚姻生活開始的時候。

　　從積極的方面來講，友誼似乎會真正提高人的精神狀態(tài)。一項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，在快樂程度最高并且最沒有沮喪表現(xiàn)的學生群體中，有10%的人最顯著的特點就是和朋友、家庭成員聯(lián)系緊密，并且致力于花時間和他們呆在一起。

　　當然，快樂并非一個靜止狀態(tài)。即使最快樂的人——最興高采烈的10%——也會有感到憂郁的時候；而最憂郁的人也會有高興的片刻。這為社會科學家們帶來了一個挑戰(zhàn)：如何來測量快樂。研究者們已經設計了幾種估算方法。其中最基本、運用最廣泛的一種就是“生活滿意程度”。盡管一些學者對這種僅有五個問題的簡單問卷調查的有效性提出疑問，但它與其他對快樂的測評方法表現(xiàn)出了一致性，例如來自朋友和家庭成員的印象、積極情緒的表達，以及沮喪情緒的低發(fā)生率。

　　萊斯特大學的艾德里安·懷特運用人們對“生活滿意程度問卷調查”的回答，編制了一張反應全球快樂狀況的地圖。如果你用上述問題提問180個國家的人民并且統(tǒng)一量化這些數據——最不快樂的國家布隆迪數值為100，最快樂的國家丹麥數值為273，然后安快樂水平用顏色深淺標示(顏色越深，表示越快樂)，你就回得到這張有趣的地圖了。