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　　Music and Driving
　　Listening to loud music while driving can seriously hamper reaction times and cause accidents, new research suggests.
　　A Canadian study found people took up to 20% longer to perform physical and mental tasks to loud music. If motorists were delayed that long at the wheel they could suffer a fatal crash, warned the RAC Foundation, a British motoring organization. Edmund King, the RAC Foundation's executive director, said the study showed that "not only is loud music a nuisance to others, it could also be the cause of accidents .
　　Earlier research by the RAC Foundation found drivers were twice as likely to skip a red light while listening to music. In the Canadian study volunteers carried out tasks while listening to levels of noise varying from 53 decibels (equivalent to an office environment) to 95 decibels (equivalent to an oil rig). Researchers found reactions to be significantly decreased at higher noise levels for both physical and mental work. At 95 decibels reaction times to tasks that involve decision making plummeted (驟然減少) by 20%, Edmund King said: "The findings of the Canadian study are bad news for decibel--loving drivers, as they prove that not only is loud music a nuisance to others, it could also be the cause of accidents on the roads. " Drivers are at even greater risk if they listen to music with a pounding beat rather than more relaxed tunes, according to experts.
　　Conrad King, consultant psychologist to the foundation，said: "It is important that drivers choose their music carefully when driving, as up-tempo music has been shown to cause drivers to have double the amount of accidents as those listening to slower music. " In general, if music is above 60 beats per minute, listeners experience a faster heart rate and increased blood pressure. "It doesn't matter if you　listen to opera, classical or the latest rave music. It's the speed of the beat that counts. "
　　16. According to scientific research, people may spend more time doing physical work if listening to loud music while doing the task.
　　A. Right
　　B. Wrong
　　C. Not mentioned
　　17. Edmund King believes that loud music will do no harm to drivers.
　　A. Right
　　B. Wrong
　　C. Not mentioned
　　18. Besides car accidents, loud music may also cause heart attack.
　　A. Right
　　B. Wrong
　　C. Not mentioned
　　19. At 95 decibels, people' reaction to decision making decreased by 53%.
　　A. Right
　　B. Wrong
　　C. Not mentioned
　　20. Listening to the Jazz music can help drivers relax.
　　A. Right
　　B. Wrong
　　C. Not mentioned
　　21. Conrad King suggests that drivers be careful when choosing the music.
　　A. Right
　　B. Wrong
　　C. Not mentioned
　　22. It can be concluded that speed of the beat is the most important criterion when choosing the music for a driver.
　　A. Right
　　B. Wrong
　　C. Not mentioned
　　參考譯文
　　音樂(lè)與駕車
　　一項(xiàng)新的研究表明，邊駕車邊聽(tīng)吵鬧的音樂(lè)會(huì)嚴(yán)重影響反應(yīng)速度并引發(fā)交通事故。
　　加拿大的一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，邊聽(tīng)吵鬧的音樂(lè)邊進(jìn)行體力勞動(dòng)和腦力勞動(dòng)時(shí)，所花費(fèi)的時(shí)間會(huì)延長(zhǎng)20％。英國(guó)機(jī)動(dòng)車組織“英國(guó)皇家飛行俱樂(lè)部基金會(huì)”警告說(shuō)，如果駕駛員開(kāi)車時(shí)被耽擱那么長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的話，可能會(huì)發(fā)生致命的撞車事故。英國(guó)皇家飛行俱樂(lè)部基金會(huì)常務(wù)理事埃德蒙•金說(shuō)，研究顯示“駕車時(shí)聽(tīng)吵鬧的音樂(lè)不僅影響別人，還有可能導(dǎo)致交通事故的發(fā)生。”
　　英國(guó)皇家飛行俱樂(lè)部基金會(huì)的早期研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，駕駛員開(kāi)車時(shí)聽(tīng)音樂(lè)，闖紅燈的可能性是不聽(tīng)音樂(lè)時(shí)的兩倍。在加拿大的研究中，志愿者們邊工作邊聽(tīng)不同分貝的音樂(lè)，從53分貝(相當(dāng)于辦公室的聲音環(huán)境)到95分貝(相當(dāng)于石油鉆臺(tái)的聲音環(huán)境)不等。研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，不管是體力還是腦力勞動(dòng)時(shí)，較高的噪音環(huán)境都會(huì)使反應(yīng)能力明顯下降。噪音達(dá)到95分貝時(shí)，做出判斷的反應(yīng)速度銳減了20％。埃德蒙•金說(shuō)：“加拿大的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)對(duì)那些喜歡聽(tīng)高分貝音樂(lè)的司機(jī)們來(lái)說(shuō)是個(gè)壞消息，因?yàn)樗鼈冏C明了音樂(lè)不僅讓他人反感，也有可能導(dǎo)致道路交通事故的發(fā)生。據(jù)專家們說(shuō)，駕駛員開(kāi)車時(shí)聽(tīng)有重音節(jié)拍的音樂(lè)比聽(tīng)放松的音樂(lè)出交通事故的危險(xiǎn)更大。
　　該基金會(huì)的心理學(xué)顧問(wèn)康拉德•金說(shuō)：“駕車時(shí)認(rèn)真挑選音樂(lè)極為重要。因?yàn)檫x擇聽(tīng)快節(jié)奏音樂(lè)的司機(jī)發(fā)生交通事故的數(shù)量比聽(tīng)節(jié)奏較慢音樂(lè)的司機(jī)高兩倍。”一般而言，如果每分鐘音樂(lè)的節(jié)拍超過(guò)60次，聽(tīng)者就會(huì)感到心跳加速，血壓增高。“你聽(tīng)歌劇、古典音樂(lè)還是最新的勁爆銳舞音樂(lè)都沒(méi)有關(guān)系，有關(guān)系的是音樂(lè)節(jié)拍的速度。”