閱讀下面這篇短文，短文后有兩項(xiàng)測(cè)試任務(wù)：(1)第23～26題要求從所給的6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中為第2～5段每段選擇1個(gè)正確的小標(biāo)題；(2)第27～30題要求從所給的6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇4個(gè)正確選項(xiàng)，分別完成每個(gè)句子。請(qǐng)將答案涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上。
Architecture
Architecture is to building as literature is to the printed word. The best buildings are often so well constructed that they outlast their original use. They then survive not only as beautiful objects, but as documents of the history, of cultures. These achievements are never wholly the work of individuals. Architecture is a social art.
The renaissance brought about an entirely new age not only in philosophy and literature but in the visual arts as well. In architecture, the principles and styles of ancient Greece and Rome were brought back to life and reinterpreted, They remain dominant until the 20th century. Many kinds of stone are used as building materials. Stone and marble were chosen for important monuments because they are not burnable and can be expected to endure. Stone architecture was often blended with stone sculpture. The use of stone has declined now, because a number of other materials are more adaptable to industrial use. The complexity of modern life calls for a variety of buildings. More people live in mass housing and go to work in large office buildings; they spend their income in large shopping centers, send their children to many different kinds of schools, and when they are sick they go to specialized hospitals and clinics. All these different types of buildings accumulate experiences needed by their designers. By the middle of the 20th century, modern architecture, which was influenced by new technology and mass production, was dealing with increasingly complex social needs. Important characteristics of modern architectural works are expanses of glass and the use of reinforced concrete. Advances in elevator technology, air conditioning, and electric lighting have all bad important effects.
23, Paragraph 2
24. Paragraph 3
25. Paragraph 4
26. Paragraph 5
A. Building materials
B. Need of greater building varieties in modern life
C. Restoration of ancient Civilizations
D. Evolution in style
E. Factors affecting modern architecture F. A social art
27. Some buildings are so well constructed that they are not only useful_____
28. Ancient Greek and Roman architectural styles, which were restored during renaissance, were still influential_____
29. Because modern life becomes more complex, people have to put up many different kinds of buildings_____
30. The use of new building materials and the introduction of such new technologies as the elevator and the air-conditioner have played an important role_____
A. to meet their needs
B. but also beautiful to look at
C. in the development of modern architecture
D. to design more buildings
E. even in the 20 th century
F. to outlast their original use
參考譯文
建筑學(xué)
建筑藝術(shù)對(duì)于建筑物來說，就像文學(xué)對(duì)于印刷文字那樣重要。最杰出的建筑物是如此成功，以至于它們的存在常常超出了原先設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)的使用年限。它們不僅作為美好的事物被保留下來，而且也成為一種文化歷史的記載。這些建筑成就從來不是某一個(gè)人的個(gè)人作品。建筑是一門社會(huì)藝術(shù)。
文藝復(fù)興曾帶來一個(gè)完全嶄新的時(shí)代。這個(gè)意義不僅體現(xiàn)在哲學(xué)和文學(xué)上，而且體現(xiàn)在視覺藝術(shù)上。在建筑學(xué)方面，古希臘和古羅馬建筑的風(fēng)格和規(guī)則被重新賦予了生命力并被給予新的詮釋。直到20世紀(jì)，它們都保持著主流地位。
各種各樣的石料被用來當(dāng)作建筑材料。石料和大理石被選用建造重要的紀(jì)念碑，因?yàn)樗鼈兪菬粔牡�，人們期望它們可以永恒。這些建筑還經(jīng)常混合以石刻。如今，對(duì)于石頭的使用已經(jīng)漸漸衰落，因?yàn)樵S多其他的材料更適合于工業(yè)用途。
現(xiàn)代生活的復(fù)雜性要求有各種各樣的建筑。更多的人住大房子，在大辦公樓里工作。他們?cè)诖笮唾徫镏行南M(fèi)，把子女送到各式各樣的學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)，當(dāng)他們得病的時(shí)候，他們?nèi)ｉT的醫(yī)院和診所。所有這些不同類型的建筑物都為建筑設(shè)計(jì)師們積累了他們所需的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。 到了20世紀(jì)中期，受新技術(shù)和大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)的影響，現(xiàn)代建筑學(xué)也要應(yīng)對(duì)日益復(fù)雜的多種社會(huì)需求�，F(xiàn)代建筑作品的重要特點(diǎn)就是大規(guī)模地使用玻璃和鋼筋混凝土。電梯、空調(diào)、燈光等技術(shù)的進(jìn)步也對(duì)現(xiàn)代建筑產(chǎn)生了重要的影響。 |
