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　　Interview
　　The importance and focus of the interview in the work of the print and broadcast journalist are reflected in several books that have been written on the topic." Most of these books, as well as several chapters, mainly in, but not limited to, journalism and broadcasting handbooks and reporting texts, stress the "how to” aspects of journalistic interviewing rather than the conceptual aspects of the interview, its context, and implications. Much of the "how to" material is based on personal experiences and general impressions. As we know, in jour-nalism as in other fields, much can be learned from the systematic study of professional practice. Such study brings together evidence from which generalized principles can be de-veloped.
　　There is, as has been suggested, a growing body of research literature in journalism and broadcasting, but very little significant attention has been devoted to the study of the interview itself. On the other hand, many general texts as well as numerous research arti- cles on interviewing in fields other than journalism have been written.
　　Many of these books and articles present the theoretical and empirical aspects of the interview as well as the training of the interviewers. Unhappy, this plentiful general literature about interviewing pays little attention to the journalistic interview seems to be surprising for two reasons.
　　First, it seems likely that most people in modern Western societies are more familiar, at least in a positive manner, with journalistic interviewing than any other form of interviewing.
　　Most of us are probably somewhat familiar with the clinical interview, such as that con-ducted by physicians and psychologists. In these situations the professional person or in-terviewer is interested in getting information necessary for the diagnosis and treatment of the person seeking help. Another familiar situation is the job interview. However, very few of us have actually been interviewed personally by the mass media, particularly by te-levision. And yet, we have a vivid acquaintance with the journalistic interview by virtue of our roles as readers, listeners, and viewers. Even so, the understanding of the journalistic interview, especially television interview, requires thoughtful analysis 'and even study, as this book indicates.
　　16. The main idea of the first paragraph is that importance should be attached to the systematic study of journalistic interviewing.
　　A. Right
　　B. Wrong
　　C. Not mentioned
　　17. Much research has been done on interviews in general, so the training of journal-istic interviewers has likewise been strengthened.
　　A. Right
　　B. Wrong
　　C. Not mentioned
　　18. Westerners are familiar with the journalistic interview, but most of them may not have been interviewed in person.
　　A. Right
　　B. Wrong
　　C. Not mentioned
　　19. The patient is the interviewee in a clinical interview.
　　A. Right
　　B. Wrong
　　C. Not mentioned
　　20. The passage is most like a part of a journalistic interview.
　　A. Right
　　B. Wrong
　　C. Not mentioned
　　21. We should pay attention to the interview in a clinical interview.
　　A. Right
　　B. Wrong
　　C. Not mentioned
　　22. The television interviews don't require thoughtful analysis.
　　A. Right
　　B. Wrong
　　C. Not mentioned
　　參考譯文
　　采 訪
　　在書(shū)面和廣電新聞?dòng)浾叩墓ぷ髦�，采訪的重要性和焦點(diǎn)性反映在幾本已經(jīng)完成的同類(lèi)主題的書(shū)上。這些書(shū)，以及其他一些書(shū)(主要是，但并不局限于新聞業(yè)和電視廣播行業(yè)手冊(cè)和報(bào)告文本)中的一些章節(jié)，大多強(qiáng)調(diào)新聞?dòng)浾卟稍L的“如何(操作)”層面，而不是強(qiáng)調(diào)采訪的概念層面，如采訪的背景和涵義。大部分“如何(操作)”的材料基于個(gè)人的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和一般性的了解。眾所周知，和其他領(lǐng)域一樣，新聞業(yè)的許多知識(shí)可以通過(guò)職業(yè)實(shí)踐的系統(tǒng)性研究來(lái)習(xí)得。這種研究匯集從一般化原則可以得出的證據(jù)。
　　如人們一直建議的，現(xiàn)在對(duì)新聞業(yè)和電視廣播業(yè)中的研究性文字日趨增加，但是對(duì)采訪本身的研究卻未得到人們顯著的關(guān)心和專門(mén)論述。另一方面，許多普遍性的文章以及為數(shù)眾多的關(guān)于現(xiàn)場(chǎng)采訪而不是新聞業(yè)研究論文已經(jīng)寫(xiě)成。這些書(shū)和論文中有許多討論了采訪的理論和時(shí)間性層面，以及對(duì)訪問(wèn)記者的培養(yǎng)。不幸的是，這些豐富的關(guān)于采訪的概括性文獻(xiàn)很少注意到新聞?dòng)浾叩脑L問(wèn)似乎有兩個(gè)原因令人驚訝。第一，與其他形式的訪問(wèn)相比，大多數(shù)現(xiàn)代的西方社會(huì)看上去更加熟悉新聞采訪，至少態(tài)度積極。我們大多數(shù)人大概多少熟悉門(mén)診部的訪問(wèn)談話，例如內(nèi)科醫(yī)師和心理醫(yī)生實(shí)施的詢問(wèn)。在這種情況下，專業(yè)人員或詢問(wèn)者感興趣的，只是獲得對(duì)求醫(yī)者診療所必需的信息。另一種常見(jiàn)的情況是求職面談。盡管我們中很少有人真正被大眾媒體、特別是電視采訪過(guò)，我們對(duì)新聞采訪，通過(guò)閱讀、收聽(tīng)和觀看類(lèi)似節(jié)目，還是感同身受。即便如此，正如本書(shū)所指出的那樣，要真正理解新聞采訪，特別是電視采訪，要求深思熟慮，乃至深入研究。