2002年考研英語翻譯試題

　　Almost all our major problems involve human behavior，and they cannot be solved by physical and biological technology alone.What is needed is a technology of behavior，but we have been slow to develop the science from which such a technology might be drawn.�。�61）One difficulty is that almost all of what is called behavioral science continues to trace behavior to states of mind，feelings，traits of character，human nature，and so on.　Physics and biology once followed similar practices and advanced only when they discarded them.�。�62）The behavioral sciences have been slow to change partly because the explanatory items often seem to be directly observed and partly because other kinds of explanations have been hard to find.The environment is obviously important，but its role has remained obscure.　It does not push or pull，it selects，and this function is difficult to discover and analyze.�。�63）The role of natural selection in evolution was formulated only a little more than a hundred years ago，and the selective role of the environment in shaping and maintaining the behavior of the individual is only beginning to be recognized and studied.　As the interaction between organism and environment has come to be understood，however，effects once assigned to states of mind，feelings，and traits are beginning to be traced to accessible conditions，and a technology of behavior may therefore become available.It will not solve our problems，however，until it replaces traditional pre_scientific views，and these are strongly entrenched.Freedom and dignity illustrate the difficulty.　（64）They are the possessions of the autonomous（self-governing）man of traditional theory，and they are essential to practices in which a person is held responsible for his conduct and given credit for his achievements.　A scientific analysis shifts both the responsibility and the achievement to the environment.It also raises questions concerning“values”.Who will use a technology and to what ends?�。�65）Until these issues are resolved，a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected，and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems.

　　2002年考研英語翻譯核心詞組學(xué)習(xí)筆記

　　behavior science 行為科學(xué)

　　human nature 人性

　　natural selction 自然選擇

　　a little more than a hundred yeras 一百多年

　　what is called 所謂的

　　in evolution 在演化中

　　trace…to… 從…尋找根源;從…研究

　　state of mind 心態(tài)

　　and so on 諸如此類

　　partly because…and partly because…部分是因?yàn)?hellip;部分是因?yàn)?hellip;

　　be held responsible for…被認(rèn)為應(yīng)該對(duì)…負(fù)責(zé)

　　be given credit for… 為…受到稱贊

　　with it 隨之

　　全文參考翻譯

　　我們遇到的幾乎所有重要問題都涉及到人的行為，而且僅靠物理技術(shù)和生物技術(shù)是無法解決這些問題的。我們所需要的是一種行為技術(shù)，但是可能產(chǎn)生這種技術(shù)的科學(xué)一直發(fā)展緩慢。(61)難題之一在于所謂的行為科學(xué)幾乎全都依然從心態(tài)、情感、性格特征、人性等方面去尋找行為的根源。物理學(xué)和生物學(xué)一度模仿類似的做法并且只有當(dāng)它們拋棄這些做法后才得到發(fā)展。(62)行為科學(xué)之所以發(fā)展緩慢，部分原因是用來解釋行為的依據(jù)似乎往往是直接觀察到的，部分原因是其他的解釋方式一直難以找到。環(huán)境因素顯然是重要的，但是它的作用仍然是模糊不清的。它既不推動(dòng)也不阻礙行為科學(xué)的發(fā)展，它具有選擇作用，因而這種作用是很難發(fā)現(xiàn)和分析的。(63)自然選擇在進(jìn)化中的作用僅在一百多年前才得以闡明，而環(huán)境在塑造和保持個(gè)體行為時(shí)的選擇作用則剛剛開始被認(rèn)識(shí)和研究。然而，由于人(生物)和環(huán)境之間的相互作用已經(jīng)逐漸被人們所認(rèn)識(shí)，所以現(xiàn)在正開始從已知的環(huán)境去尋找一度認(rèn)為是心態(tài)、情感和性格特征所造成的影響其根源所在。因此就可以建立一門行為技術(shù)。但是，如果行為技術(shù)代替不了傳統(tǒng)的科學(xué)發(fā)展以前的觀點(diǎn)，那它將無法解決我們的難題。而這些傳統(tǒng)的觀點(diǎn)是根深蒂固的。自由和尊嚴(yán)是難處之所在。(64)自由和尊嚴(yán)(它們)是傳統(tǒng)理論定義的自主人所擁有的，是要求一個(gè)人對(duì)自己的行為負(fù)責(zé)并因其業(yè)績(jī)而給予肯定的必不可少的前提�？茖W(xué)的分析把責(zé)任和成績(jī)歸因于環(huán)境。它還提出有關(guān)“價(jià)值觀念”的種種問題。誰會(huì)使用一門技術(shù)?其目的何在?(65)在這些得到解決以前，研究行為的技術(shù)手段就會(huì)繼續(xù)受到排斥，解決問題的惟一方式可能也隨之繼續(xù)受到排斥。

　　附：1992年考研英語翻譯真題核心詞組學(xué)習(xí)筆記

　　refer to…提到;談到

　　agreement on 一致意見

　　be comparable to 和…相當(dāng);猶如

　　in terms of 根據(jù);按照;在…方面

　　on the whole 總體來說;大體上看

　　draw a conclusion 得出結(jié)論

　　have the attitude towards 對(duì)…的態(tài)度

　　only if 只要

　　the same…as 與…一樣

　　by lack of=for lack of 因?yàn)槿狈?/p>