成人英語三級考試重點解析講義(二)

來源：網(wǎng)絡(luò) 發(fā)布時間：2010-11-11

　　(三)名詞性從句中的虛擬語氣

　　1)The doctor advised that Mr.Malan _____ an operation right away so as to save his life.(1998.6)

　　A.had

　　B.was going to

　　C.have

　　D.would have

　　2)His mother insisted that he _____ the coat when going out.(1999.6)

　　A.put on

　　B.puts on

　　C.to put

　　D.putting on

　　3)Peter wishes that he _____ law instead of literature when he was in college.(2000.6)

　　A.could study

　　B.studied

　　C.had studied

　　D.would study

　　4)It is desirable that he _____ .(2000.6)

　　A.gives up trying

　　B.give up trying

　　C.would give up trying

　　D.is going to give up trying

　　5)I am too busy these days.I would rather all of you _____ next month for a dinner.(2002.6)

　　A.come

　　B.would come

　　C.came

　　D.have come

　　6)The general's command is that the soldiers _____ their fort and carry out more important tasks.(2002.6)

　　A.would leave

　　B.leave

　　C.left

　　D.have left

　　7)It's urgent that a meeting _____ before the final decision is made.(2003.4)

　　A.will be arranged

　　B.must be arranged

　　C.be arranged

　　D.would be arranged

　　8)Let's finished our homework in a few seconds; it's time we _____ .

　　A.played football

　　B.will play football

　　C.play football

　　D.are playing football

　　9)It's vital that enough money _____ collected to get the project started.

　　A.is

　　B.be

　　C.must be

　　D.can be

　　「答案」CACBC BCAB

　　「評析」

　　與以上兩種虛擬語氣句式不同，這里虛擬語氣中時態(tài)的變化比較少，主要依據(jù)所處的句型。考生所需要的是了解在哪些情況下用這種句式，測試中考生只需從四個選項中辨認答案即可。該部分所包含的句型有：

　　① 表示"命令""建議"或"要求"的動詞后面的賓語從句中用should + 原形動詞，should可以省略。常用于該句型的動詞有direct, order, command, require, ask, request, demand, insist, suggest, recommend, advise等。

　　這里句型的考題中，一般都會有would, must等干擾項，正確選項以省略should者居多，如1)和2)。

　　1)The doctor advised that Mr.Malan _____ an operation right away so as to save his life.(1998.6)

　　A.had

　　B.was going to

　　C.have

　　D.would have

　　答案：C

　　2)His mother insisted that he _____ the coat when going out.(1999.6)

　　A.put on

　　B.puts on

　　C.to put

　　D.putting on

　　答案：A

　　并且常是not do something, 或be的形，尤其是 not be done的形式。如：

　　Mike's uncle insists ____ in this hotel.

　　A.staying not

　　B.not to stay

　　C.that he would not stay

　　D.that he not stay

　　答案：D

　　It is recommended that the project _____ until all the preparations have been made.

　　A.is not started

　　B.will not be started

　　C.not be started

　　D.is not to be started

　　答案：C

　　As Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces, I have directed that all measures ____ for our defense.

　　A.had been taken

　　B.would be taken

　　C.be taken

　　D.to be taken

　　答案：C

　　另外這類考題還常借助于動詞本身的句法結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)干擾項。如insist后可接doing something, being done或 on doing something的結(jié)構(gòu)，suggest后也可接動名詞。

　　注意： 如suggest, insist不表示"建議" 或"堅持要某人做某事時"，即它們用于其本意"暗示、表明"、"堅持認為"時，賓語從句用陳述語氣。

　　(錯)You pale face suggests that you (should)be ill.

　　(對)Your pale face suggests that you are ill.

　�、� 表示"命令""建議"或"要求"的名詞后面的同位語或表語從句中同樣是用should + 原形動詞，should可以省略。

　　與上面一條相同，表示這些概念的名詞如suggestion, advice, order, proposal等后面的that從句中虛擬語氣使用規(guī)則相同，如6)中都是that引導的表語從句中使用should + 原形動詞，should省略的結(jié)構(gòu)。

　　6)The general's command is that the soldiers ____ their fort and carry out more important tasks.(2002.6)

　　A.would leave

　　B.leave

　　C.left

　　D.have left

　　答案：B

　　再如：

　　We are all for your proposal that the discussion ____.

　　A.be put off

　　B.was put off

　　C.should put off

　　D.is to be out off

　　答案：A

　　The suggestion that the mayor ________the prizes was accepted by everyone.

　　A.would present

　　B.present

　　C.presents

　　D.ought to present

　　答案：B

　　三、非謂語動詞 不定式(to + V)

　　動名詞

　　分詞-ing

　　分詞-ed

　　(一)動詞不定式(to+動詞原形)

　　動詞不定式的語法功能

　　可以做除謂語動詞以外的任何句子成分。

　　1)作主語

　　不定式或不定式短語作主語時，謂語動詞用第三人稱單數(shù)。如：

　　To serve the people well is our duty.

　　動詞不定式短語作主語時，往往放在謂語動詞的后面，用引導詞it作形式主語。上述句子也可改為：

　　It is our duty to serve the people well.

　　類似這樣不定式做主語的句型有:

　　It is + n.+ to do

　　It takes sb.+ some time + to do

　　It is +adj.+ for sb.+ to do

　　It is + adj.+ of sb.+ to do

　　例如：

　　It is our duty to help them.

　　It will take you quite a long time to finish it.

　　It is easy for us to answer this question.

　　It is kind of you to help me.

　　注：

　　1)for sb.常用于表示事物的特征特點，表示客觀形式的形容詞，如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等：

　　2)of sb.的句型一般表示人物的性格，品德，表示主觀感情或態(tài)度的形容詞，如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right等。

　　2)作賓語

　　We hope to have more opportunities to talk with native speakers.

　　注意：

　　如果不定式作賓語而又跟有補語，這時，通常要用"it"作形式賓語，而將不定式放到補語后面去。

　　例如：

　　他們發(fā)現(xiàn)提前把一切都準備好是不可能的。

　　×They found to get everything ready in advance impossible.

　　賓語　賓補

　　×They found to get everything ready in advance is impossible.

　　√They found it impossible to get everything ready in

　　賓補　賓語

　　advance.

　　再看下面的兩個例句：

　　I consider it my duty to point out their shortcomings.

　　Robert doesn't think it advisable for Mary to be on a diet.

　　三級出題方式：

　　I _____ to point out their shortcomings.

　　A.consider it my duty

　　B.consider it is my duty

　　3)作定語

　　This is the best way to solve the problem.

　　注意：

　�、儆貌欢ㄊ阶鞫ㄕZ時，它與它所修飾的詞有時是動賓關(guān)系，所以如果不定式是不及物動詞，其后面應(yīng)跟上必要的介詞。

　　例如：

　　Mary needs a friend to play with.

　　There is nothing to worry about.

　　Because air pollution has been greatly reduced, this city is still _____ .

　　A.a good place to live

　　B.a good place for living in

　　C.a good place to be lived in

　　D.a good place to live in

　　答案：D

　　②不定式作定語，如果與他所修飾的詞是動賓關(guān)系，則不定式后面不能再帶賓語。

　　例如：

　　×Here is a letter for you to type it.

　　√Here is a letter for you to type.

　　×The smell tells the bees what kind of flowers to look for them.

　　√The smell tells the bees what kind of flowers to look for.

　　同時要注意：在這類結(jié)構(gòu)中，常用不定式的主動式代替被動式。

　　4)作狀語

　　In order to overcome difficulties, we must work hard.

　　注意：

　�、俨欢ㄊ侥軌蛐揎椬鞅碚Z或賓語補足語的形容詞，在句中作狀語，這時不定式不能再帶賓語。

　　例如：

　　√The water is unfit to drink.

　　×The water is unfit to drink it.

　　√They found Mr.Jones' lecture hard to understand.

　　×They found Mr.Jones' lecture hard to understand it.

　　同時要注意：在這類結(jié)構(gòu)中，常用不定式的主動式代替被動式。

　　②作狀語的不定式的邏輯主語必須與句子主語一致。

　　例如：

　　×To save money, the bus was taken instead of plane.

　　√To save money, we took the bus instead of plane.

　　讓我們看一道2005年11月份的三級試題：

　　To succeed in a scientific experiment,______.

　　A.one needs being patient person.

　　B.patience is to need.

　　C.one needs to be patient.

　　D.patience is what needed.

　　答案：C

　　2.不定式的邏輯主語

　　如要表明不定式或不定式的動作發(fā)出者(即邏輯主語)，就要在不定式前用for+名詞(或代詞的賓格)。如：

　　Is the road wide enough for two cars to pass?

　　The conference is too important for you to miss.

　　3.不定式的時態(tài)和語態(tài)

　　不定式有一般、完成、進行等幾種常用的形式，也有主動和被動語態(tài)的區(qū)別。以study為例：

　　主動/被動一般式to study; to be studied

　　進行式to be studying

　　完成式to have studied; to have been studied

　　1)不定式的時態(tài)

　　不定式的一般式(to do)所表示的動作與謂語動詞所表示的動作是同時發(fā)生，或是在其后發(fā)生的。如：

　　Thousands of young people are learning to ski.

　　不定式的進行式(to be doing)所表示的動作與謂語動詞的動作是同時進行的，而且是正在進行的。如：

　　They seemed to be getting along quite well.

　　不定式的完成進行時(to have done)表示限于謂語動詞之前發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)，to have + V-ed 表示動作，to have been 表示狀態(tài)。如：

　　She seems to have finished her work.

　　不定式的完成進行時表示動作在謂語動詞之前發(fā)生，而且一直進行著。如：

　　She was happy to have been staying with her aunt.

　　2)不定式的語態(tài)

　　每個不定式都有其邏輯主語，如果邏輯主語是動作的發(fā)出者，不定式用主動式，如果其邏輯主語是動作的承受者，不定式用被動式。如：

　　The doctor recommended him to air the room.

　　醫(yī)生建議他打掃房間。

　　The doctor recommended the room to be aired.

　　醫(yī)生建議打掃房間。

　　考試重點：使用不帶to的不定式的幾種情況

　　(1)在口語中，以why開頭的簡單問句中。例如：

　　Why do it that way?

　　Why not go out for a walk?

　　(2)某些使役動詞，如make, let，have等后面跟動詞不定時作賓語補足語時，用省略to的不定式。如：

　　Let him do it.讓他做吧。

　　I would have you know that I am ill.我想要你知道我病了。

　　(3)表示生理感覺的動詞后接不定時作賓語補足語時，不定式不帶to.這類詞有：

　　feel　覺得　observe 注意到，看到　hear聽到

　　watch注視　listen to聽　perceive察覺，感知

　　notice注意　see看見　look at看]

　　注意：

　　表示 "感覺"的動詞，既可以用不帶to 的不定式作賓語補足語，又可以用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補足語，但兩者有含義上的差別�，F(xiàn)在分詞作這些動詞的賓語補足語，表示動作的進行，以不帶to的不定式作這些動詞的賓語補足語,表示動作的完成。

　　例如:

　　I heard her playing the violin.

　　我聽到她在拉小提琴.

　　I don't see the ball break the window.

　　我沒有看到球砸壞玻璃.

　　注意：

　　上述使役動詞與感覺動詞轉(zhuǎn)換為被動結(jié)構(gòu)時，其后的不定式需帶to，如：

　　He was seen to come.

　　The boy was made to go to bed early.

　　(4)在do nothing/anything/everything but(except)結(jié)構(gòu)中。例如：

　　Last night I did nothing but watch TV.

　　昨天晚上，除了看電視，我什么也沒干。

　　但是，如果謂語動詞不是"do nothing，anything，everything"，那么but(except)所跟的不定式則仍須帶to.

　　The doctor told him nothing but to stop smoking.

　　醫(yī)生除了讓他戒煙，其它什么都沒有說。

　　There was nothing for them to do but remain silent.

　　除了保持沉默以外，他們沒有別的辦法。

　　記憶口訣：

　　前面有do，后面省to，前面無do，后面帶to.

　　(5)下面這些詞組是不定式的習慣用法，只能用省to的不定式形式。

　　can not help but do(不得不)

　　can not but do(不得不)

　　cannot choose but do(只能)

　　have no choice but do (只能)

　　had better do(最

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