2011年成人三級(jí)英語(yǔ)考試指導(dǎo)：語(yǔ)法二

來(lái)源：育路教育網(wǎng)發(fā)布時(shí)間：2010-11-26

   下面是2011年成人三級(jí)英語(yǔ)考試語(yǔ)法的重要內(nèi)容，育路教育網(wǎng)搜集了復(fù)習(xí)重點(diǎn)提供給廣大考生，希望能夠給考生極大的幫助。

　　(二)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

　　基本形式：

　　時(shí)間狀態(tài) 一般 進(jìn)行 完成

　　現(xiàn)在 be done be being done have been done

　　過(guò)去 was/were done was/were being done had been done

　　將來(lái) will be done will be being done will have been done

　　考試重點(diǎn)：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài);感官動(dòng)詞和使役動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài);用主動(dòng)表示被動(dòng)的含義。

　　1、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)：基本形式見(jiàn)上面表格，多結(jié)合時(shí)態(tài)來(lái)考查。

　　例1 The goods ____ when we arrived at the airport.

　　A.were just unloading B.wrer just been unloading C.had just unloaded D.were just being unloaded

　　【答案】D(2006年4月22題)

　　例2 He _____ when the bus came to a sudden stop.

　　A.was almost hurt B.was almost to hurt himself C.was almost hurt himself D.was almost hurting himself

　　【答案】A(2005年4月33題)

　　2、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+過(guò)去分詞

　　例：I can′t find the recorder in the room. It _____ by somebody.

　　A. must have taken B.may have taken C.may have been taken D.should have been taken

　　【答案】C(2003年11月22題)

　　此題考察的是綜合知識(shí)點(diǎn)。首先是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，錄音機(jī)被人拿走了。另外還考察了情態(tài)動(dòng)詞加完成式表 育路網(wǎng)網(wǎng)提供

　　示對(duì)過(guò)去時(shí)間的推測(cè)。

　　3、感官動(dòng)詞及使役動(dòng)詞(如：see，feel，hear，watch，make，bid)在主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中用無(wú)to不定式作賓

　　補(bǔ)，改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)不定式前要加to

　　例1 Because of many mistakes，she was made _____ these letters again.

　　A.tape B.to typing C.typed D.to type

　　【答案】D(2006年11月22題)本句的意思是：因?yàn)殄e(cuò)誤太多，她又把字重新打了一遍。

　　4、用主動(dòng)表示被動(dòng)的含義

　　(1)need/require+doing sth.(=to be done)(此句型主語(yǔ)大多為物)。

　　例1 It is hot and dry;the flowers need _____ . A.being watered B.be watered C.to water D.to be watered

　　【答案】D(2006年11月23題)本句的意思是：天氣又熱又干燥，花需要澆水。

　　例2 My room is a mess.It needs _____ . A.to be tidying up B.tidying up C.to tidy up D.tidied up

　　【答案】B(2000年47題)本句的意思是：我的房間很亂，需要收拾。

　　(2)sell，wash，read，write，run等動(dòng)詞帶狀語(yǔ)修飾時(shí)。

　　例：This kind of clothes sells well.這種衣服賣得很好。The pen writes smoothly.這支筆書(shū)寫流利。

　　(3)主語(yǔ) + sound(feel，look，smell，taste)+形容詞。

　　例：The dish ____ _ terrible!I don′t like it at all. A.tastes B.tasted C.will taste D.is tasted

　　【答案】A(2005年11月19題) 本句的意思是：這盤菜太難吃了，我一點(diǎn)也不喜歡。

　　被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)配套練習(xí)

　　1. The middle-aged man was seen _____ out of the house on the afternoon of the murder.

　　A.came B.come C.to come D.have come

　　2. This kind of glasses manufactured by experienced craftsmen ____ comfortably.

　　A.in worn B.wearing C.wears D.are worn

　　3. This out-of-date teaching method ___ _ .

　　A.must do away with B.must have done away with C.must being done away with D.must be done away wish

　　4. A fire _____ during the night and a large number of houses ____ _ to ashes.

　　A.broke out ， were burnt B.was broke out ， were burnt C.broke out ， burnt D.set out ， were burned

　　5. English _____ in Australia. A.speaks B.are spoken C.is soeaking D.is spoken

　　6. A new house ____ at the corner of the road.

　　A.is building B.is being built C.been bulit D.be building

　　7. His new book _____ next month.

　　A.will be published B.is publishing C.si beding published D.has been published

　　8. _____ the watch been repaired yet? I bably need it. A.Does B.Has C.Is D.Are

　　9. The flowers ___ _ often. A.must be water B.must be watered C.must watered D.must water

　　10. The pot ___ _ for ____ _ hot water.

　　A.used;keeping B.was used;keeping C.is used;to keep D.are used;keep

　　11. How dirty the tables are ! They need _____ . A.to clean B.clean C.cleaning D.cleaned

　　12. Newly-born babies _____ in hospital.

　　A.are taken good care B.are taken good care of C.take good care of D.take good care

　　13. The apple _____ very sweet. A.is tasted B.taste C.tastes D.are tasting

　　14.-What do you think of the TV play?

　　-Wonderful. It is worth _____ a second time.

　　A.watching B.watched C.seen D.seeing

　　15.A photo _____ each time that button ______ .

　　A.has taken;has pushed B.has been taken;has pushed C.is taken;will be pushed D.is taken;is pushed

　　選擇題參考答案：

　　1C 2C 3D 4A 5D 6B 7A 8B 9B 10B 11C 12B 13C 14A 15D

　　(四)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞

　　情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用來(lái)表示能力、允許、許諾、可能、勸告、意愿等概念或態(tài)度。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞無(wú)人稱變化，在句子中和動(dòng)詞原形一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)。從這幾年的考試看，著重測(cè)驗(yàn)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞接完成時(shí)的用法，尤其是與虛擬語(yǔ)氣結(jié)合來(lái)考查學(xué)生的掌握情況。另外情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測(cè)也成為今年考查重點(diǎn)，須引起重視。

　　1.must+完成時(shí) 表示對(duì)已發(fā)生的事情的一種肯定的猜測(cè)

　　例1 Since this road is wet and slippery this morning，it ____ last night.

　　A.must rain B.was raining C.must have rained D.may rain

　　【答案】C(2004年11月35題)

　　例 2 I believe he ____ an accident，otherwise he would have arrived on time.

　　A.would have had B.could have had C.should have had D.must have had

　　【答案】D(2001年58題)

　　例3 Mr.Green ____ my letter，otherwise be would have replied before now.

　　A.must have received B.must have failed to receive C.must receive D.must fail to receive

　　【答案】B(1998年44題)

　　例4 She ___ be ill because I saw her playing tennis just now.A.can′t B.could′t C.mustn′t D.may not

　　【答案】C(2006年11月30題)

　　例2 You ought ____ the matter to the manager the day before yesterday.

　　A.to report B.to have reported C.to reporting D.have reported

　　【答案】B(2003年11月36題)

　　例3 I′m sorry I couldn′t get in touch with him before be left，I ____ him earlier.

　　A.had a telephone B.have phoned C.should have phoned D.should be phoned

　　【答案】C(2000年26題)

　　2.could/might + 完成時(shí) 表示能做的事情而沒(méi)有做。表示對(duì)過(guò)去能做而未做的事情感到惋惜、遺憾。

　　例1 He could have joined us，but he didn′t get our invitation in time.

　　他本來(lái)能夠和我們?cè)谝黄�，但是他沒(méi)有及時(shí)收到我們的請(qǐng)柬。

　　例2 He might have given you more help，but he was busy then.

　　他本來(lái)可以給你更多幫助的，但他那時(shí)很忙。

　　例3 He abandoned a career that _____ to his becoming one of the most influential people in the world.

　　A.could have led B.would lead C.should have led D.must lead

　　【答案】A(2005年11月33題)

　　情態(tài)動(dòng)詞配套練習(xí)

　　1. You ____ read that article if you don′t want to. A.haven′t B.can′t C.mustn′t D.needn′

　　2. -That car must have cost a lot of money. -Oh，no，_____.

　　A.it mustn′t B.it hasn′t C.it doesn′t D.it didn′t

　　3. The road was muddy. It ____ last night.

　　A.must rained B.must have rained C.must be rained D.could have rained

　　4. I ____ asleep in the corner，for I remember nothing of what happened during the night.

　　A.might fall B.must fall C.must have fallen D.can have fallen

　　5. I′m feeling sick.I ____ so much chocolate.

　　A.needn′t have eaten B. couldn′t have eaten C. mustn′t have eaten D. shouldn′t have eaten

　　6. As he had heart attack，he was told that he_____continue the work.

　　A.needn′d B.may not C.mustn′t D. can′t

　　7. Mr.Green ____ my letter，otherwise he would have replied before now.

　　A.must have received B.must have failed to receive C.must receive D.must fail to receive

　　8. You could have done things they ought ____ .

　　A.didn′t you B. couldn′t you C. hadn′t you D.shouldn′t you

　　9.They have done things they ought ____ .

　　A.not to do B.not to be done C.not to have done D.not having done

　　10. Something must have happened on their way. Or they ____ by now.

　　A.should have arrived B.should arrive C.would have arrived D.would arrive

　　11. -I heard they went skiing in the mountains last winter.

　　-It ____ true because there was little snow there.

　　A.may not be B.won′t be C.couldn′t be D.mustn′be

　　12. -Shall we go skating or stay at home?

　　-Which ____ do yourself?

　　A.do you rather B.would you rather C.will you rather D.should you rather

　　13.I know things are hard with you，but you ____ try to get over the difficulties.

　　A.can B.may C.must D.ought

　　14. Someone is coming here. Who ____ it be? A.will B.shall C.must D.can

　　15. -May I stop here? -No，you ___ _ . A.mustn′t B.might not C.needn′t D.won′t

　　【答案】A(2005年10月20題)

　　2、should(ought to)+完成時(shí) 表示應(yīng)該做的事情而沒(méi)有做，否定式表示不該做的事情做了。含有對(duì)

　　過(guò)去的動(dòng)作的責(zé)備、批評(píng)。

　　例1 You ought ____ the matter to the manager the day before yesterday.

　　A.oughtn′t to go B.hadn′t gone C.shouldn′t have gone D.mustn′have gone

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