被動語態(tài)

　　語態(tài)是動詞的一種形式,它表示主語和謂語的關(guān)系.語態(tài)有兩種:主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài).如果主語是動作的執(zhí)行者,或者是說動作是由主語完成的,要用主動語態(tài);如果主語是動作的承受者,或者是說動作不是由主語而是由其他人完成的,則用被動語態(tài).

　　一、被動語態(tài)考點聚焦

　　(一)被動語態(tài)的概念:

　　不知道或沒必要提到動作的執(zhí)行者是誰時用被動語態(tài).強調(diào)或突出動作的承受者常用被動語態(tài)(by短語有時可以省略).

　　(二)被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成方式:

　　be + 過去分詞,口語只也有用get / become + 過去分詞表示.

　　(三)被動語態(tài)的基本用法:

　　(1)使用被動語態(tài)時應(yīng)注意的幾個問題.

　�、僦鲃幼兓�被動時雙賓語的變化.看下列例句.

　　My friend gave me an interesting book on my birthday.

　　An interesting book was given to me(by my friend)on my birthday.

　　I was given an interesting book (by my friend)on my birthday.

　�、谥鲃幼儽粍訒r,賓補成主補(位置不變);(作補語的)不定式前需加to.

　　The boss made him work all day long.

　　He was made to work all day long(by the boss)

　　③短語動詞變被動語態(tài)時,勿要掉"尾巴".

　　The children were taken good care of (by her).

　　Your pronunciation and spelling should be paid attention to.

　�、芮閼B(tài)動詞和be going to、be to、be sure to、used to、have to、had better等結(jié)構(gòu)變被動語態(tài), 只需將它們后面的動詞原形變?yōu)閎e +過去分詞.

　　⑤當(dāng)句子的謂語為say、believe、expect、think、know、write、consider、report等時,被動語態(tài)有兩種形式:(A)謂語動詞用被動語態(tài),動詞不定式作主補.(B)用it作形式主語,真正的主語在后面用主語在后面用主語從句來表示.如:

　　People say he is a smart boy.

　　It is said that he is a smart boy.

　　He is said to be a smart boy.

　　People know paper was made in China first.

　　It is known that paper was made in China first.

　　Paper was known to be made in China first.

　　類似句型有:It is said / known / suggested / believed / hoped/ thought that …