2011年跟單員考試基礎(chǔ)理論輔導(dǎo)：信用證統(tǒng)一慣例（3）
來(lái)源：育路跟單員考試網(wǎng)發(fā)布時(shí)間：2011-05-25
為了幫助考生系統(tǒng)的復(fù)習(xí)跟單員考試課程 全面的了解跟單員考試的相關(guān)重點(diǎn)，小編特編輯匯總了2011年跟單員考試相關(guān)資料，希望對(duì)您參加本次考試有所幫助��！
Terms such as "first class"， "well known"， "qualified"， "independent"， "official"， "competent" or "local" used to describe the issuer of a document allow any issuer except the beneficiary to issue that document.
諸如"第一流"、"著名"、"合格"、"獨(dú)立"、"正式"、"有資格"、"當(dāng)?shù)?quot;等用語(yǔ)用于描述單據(jù)出單人的身份時(shí)，單據(jù)的出單人可以是除受益人以外的任何人 .
Unless required to be used in a document， words such as "prompt"， "immediately" or "as soon as possible" will be disregarded.
除非確需在單據(jù)中使用，銀行對(duì)諸如"迅速"、"立即"、"盡快"之類詞語(yǔ)將不予置理。
The expression "on or about" or similar will be interpreted as a stipulation that an event is to occur during a period of five calendar days before until five calendar days after the specified date， both start and end dates included.
"于或約于"或類似措辭將被理解為一項(xiàng)約定，按此約定，某項(xiàng)事件將在所述日期前后各五天內(nèi)發(fā)生，起迄日均包括在內(nèi)。
The words "to"， "until"， "till"， “from” and “between” when used to determine a period of shipment include the date or dates mentioned， and the words “before” and "after" exclude the date mentioned.
詞語(yǔ)"×月×日止"（to）、"至×月×日"（until）、"直至×月×日"（till） 、"從×月×日"（from） 及“在X月X日至X月X日之間”（between） 用于確定裝運(yùn)期限時(shí)，包括所述日期。詞語(yǔ)“X月X日之前”（before） 及“X月X日之后”（after） 不包括所述日期。
The words “from” and "after" when used to determine a maturity date exclude the date mentioned.
詞語(yǔ)“從X月X日”（from）以及“X月X日之后”（after） 用于確定到期日時(shí)不包括所述日期。
The terms "first half" and "second half" of a month shall be construed respectively as the 1st to the 15th and the 16th to the last day of the month， all dates inclusive.
術(shù)語(yǔ)"上半月"和"下半月"應(yīng)分別理解為自每月"1日至15日"和"16日至月末最后一天"，包括起迄日期。
The terms "beginning"， "middle" and "end" of a month shall be construed respectively as the 1st to the 10th， the 11th to the 20th and the 21st to the last day of the month， all dates inclusive.
術(shù)語(yǔ)"月初"、"月中"和"月末"應(yīng)分別理解為每月1日至10日、11日至20日和21日至月末最后一天，包括起迄日期。
信用證與合同（Credits v. Contracts）
a. A credit by its nature is a separate transaction from the sale or other contract on which it may be based. Banks are in no way concerned with or bound by such contract， even if any reference whatsoever to it is included in the credit. Consequently， the undertaking of a bank to honour， to negotiate or to fulfil any other obligation under the credit is not subject to claims or defences by the applicant resulting from its relationships with the issuing bank or the beneficiary.
A beneficiary can in no case avail itself of the contractual relationships existing between banks or between the applicant and the issuing bank.
a. 就性質(zhì)而言，信用證與可能作為其依據(jù)的銷售合同或其它合同，是相互獨(dú)立的交易。即使信用證中提及該合同，銀行亦與該合同完全無(wú)關(guān)，且不受其約束。因此，一家銀行作出兌付、議付或履行信用證項(xiàng)下其它義務(wù)的承諾，并不受申請(qǐng)人與開(kāi)證行之間或與受益人之間在已有關(guān)系下產(chǎn)生的索償或抗辯的制約。
受益人在任何情況下，不得利用銀行之間或申請(qǐng)人與開(kāi)證行之間的契約關(guān)系。
b. An issuing bank should discourage any attempt by the applicant to include， as an integral part of the credit， copies of the underlying contract， proforma invoice and the like.
b. 開(kāi)證行應(yīng)勸阻申請(qǐng)人將基礎(chǔ)合同、形式發(fā)票或其它類似文件的副本作為信用證整體組成部分的作法。
