2012年職稱英語《理工類》句型語序技巧(1)

常見的強(qiáng)調(diào)句結(jié)構(gòu)是it 引導(dǎo)的句子。

It is (was) 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+ that (who) + 句子其他部分。

此結(jié)構(gòu)強(qiáng)調(diào)的成分僅限于主語，賓語和狀語。

It is from the sun that we get light and heat.

It was not until I had read your letter that I understood the true state of affairs.

使用此句型時(shí), 應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn)。

(1) 一般情況用It is(was)……that…如:

He read three books in the library yesterday.

我們分別可以強(qiáng)調(diào)主語、賓語、地點(diǎn)狀語和時(shí)間狀語。如:

It was he who(that)read three books in the library yesterday. (強(qiáng)調(diào)主語)

It was three books that he read in the library yesterday. (強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語)

It was in the library that he read three books yesterday. (強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語)

(2) 當(dāng)被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分指人時(shí), 可用that, 也可用who; 指物時(shí), 只用that, 如:

It was Tom who(that)I met last week.

It is a new boke that his brother wants to buy.

(3) 強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語時(shí), 只用that, 不用when、where. 如:

It is at 5 o'clock that the train will arrive.

(4) 被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分是主語時(shí), 注意句子的謂語動詞和被強(qiáng)調(diào)的主語保持一致。如:

It is he who is late. 　It is they that were late.

(5) 一般疑問句的強(qiáng)調(diào)句為"Is (was) it + that…?"; 特殊疑問句為: "特殊疑問詞+ is (was) +that…?"結(jié)構(gòu)。如:

Was it ten years ago that his father died?他的父親是十年前去世的嗎?

When is it that you will set off?你到底什么時(shí)候出發(fā)?

(6) "not…until…"句型的強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)為"It is not until…that…"應(yīng)注意把否定詞not轉(zhuǎn)移到until前面。如:

I didn't go home until rain stopped. 直到雨停了我才回家。

強(qiáng)調(diào)句為: It was not until rain stopped that I went home.

I didn't know the news until yesterday. 直到昨天我才知道那個(gè)消息。

強(qiáng)調(diào)句為: It was not until yesterday that I knew the news.

原句: 　My father did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.

強(qiáng)調(diào)主語: It was my father who did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.

強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語: It was the experiment that my father did in the lab yesterday evening.

強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間: It was yesterday evening that my father did the experiment in the lab. (注意不用when)

強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn): It was in the lab that my father did the experiment yesterday evening.

C.倒裝句：(這是我們在閱讀文章時(shí)常見到的句式。)

英語中主語在前謂語在后的語序稱為自然語序。由于語法、修辭的需要謂語置于主語之前，稱為全部倒裝; 助動詞、情態(tài)動詞等移到主語之前而主要動詞仍然在主語之后的，稱作半倒裝。 全部倒裝和半倒裝的句子統(tǒng)稱倒裝句。