成人英語(yǔ)三級(jí)考試復(fù)習(xí)指導(dǎo):高分語(yǔ)法(7)
來(lái)源:育路教育網(wǎng)發(fā)布時(shí)間:2011-09-21
注意1:by之后如果接的是動(dòng)名詞,則表示方式、手段,不能視為被動(dòng)式的標(biāo)志,且此時(shí)謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)用主動(dòng)式,如:He passed the exam by cheating.
注意2:對(duì)于know來(lái)講,一般用be known to 而不用be know by強(qiáng)調(diào)句中it作形式主語(yǔ)可以替代任何被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分基本模式:It + be + 強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)象 + who/ whom/that + 句子其余部分
如:It was only you who cared for me. (強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ))
It is his sister whom /that I have fallen in love with. (強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語(yǔ))
It was under the tree that she found her missing purse. (強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ))
It was last week that I attended an art exhibit for the first time. (強(qiáng)狀語(yǔ))
It was not until he broke my favorite vase that I flew into rages. (強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語(yǔ)從句)
注意:強(qiáng)調(diào)的對(duì)象是人時(shí),可用who, whom或that, 其余情況一律用that; 當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)象在從句中做主語(yǔ)時(shí)用who/that, 當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)象在從句中做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)用whom/that.
虛擬語(yǔ)氣
此章內(nèi)容在TOEFL考點(diǎn)中處于相對(duì)次要地位,但在英文中是比較活躍的用法,必須對(duì)其有所了解, 這樣對(duì)讀題非常有幫助虛擬語(yǔ)氣是英文中一特殊的語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象,主要用于表達(dá)與事實(shí)相反的陳述,常表達(dá)強(qiáng)烈愿望、遺憾、感慨、后悔、責(zé)備、規(guī)勸等語(yǔ)義,可大致分為三類(lèi)
一、對(duì)現(xiàn)在事實(shí)的虛擬基本形式:If + were /did等過(guò)去式…, …would /could /should /might + do
例如:If I were a bird, I would fly to the moon.
(事實(shí)上,I‘m not a bird, so I will not fly to the moon.)
If she knew who you are, she would go out of joy.
事實(shí)上,She doesn‘t know, so she still feels joyous.)
二、對(duì)過(guò)去事實(shí)的虛擬
基本形式:If + had done…, …would /could / should /might + have done
例如:If she had been warned earlier, she wouldn‘t have broken the rules.
(事實(shí)上:She was not warned earlier and she broke the rules.)
If it hadn‘t rained, the match would have seemed more fascinating.
(事實(shí)上:It rained and the match was less fascinating.)
此種虛擬可進(jìn)行倒裝,如:
Had the letter been sent out, it would have ruined our friendship.= If the letter had been sent out,
it would have ruined our friendship.
三、對(duì)將來(lái)事實(shí)的虛擬基本形式:
If + should do…, …would /could /should /might + do; 意思類(lèi)似漢語(yǔ)中的“萬(wàn)一”
例如:If he should forget the date, I might teach him a good lesson.
(事實(shí)上:他不大可能忘記那個(gè)日期)
If it should snow this afternoon, we could make a snowman.
(事實(shí)上不大可能會(huì)下雪)
此種虛擬可倒裝,如:Should my car fail, I would have to return home on foot.= If my car should fail,
I would have to return home on foot.
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