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<專業(yè)英語(yǔ)>:預(yù)習(xí)輔導(dǎo)之海運(yùn)運(yùn)費(fèi)(3)

來(lái)源:貨運(yùn)代理考試網(wǎng)發(fā)布時(shí)間:2011-09-27

  三、決定運(yùn)費(fèi)的因素

   英文原文:When determining the freight rate, the carrier will also consider stowage factor, distance and the age-old principle of “What the traffic can bear”。

  注釋:determine: 決定,確定,測(cè)定 consider: 考慮,照顧 stowage factor: 積載因數(shù)(stowage: 裝載,裝載量 factor: 因素,要素,因數(shù)) distance: 距離,在這里引申為“航程” age-old: 古老的 traffic: 運(yùn)輸量,交通量 bear: 負(fù)擔(dān),承受

  中文意思:在確定運(yùn)費(fèi)率時(shí),承運(yùn)人還將考慮積載因數(shù),航程以及一個(gè)很古老的原則,即“運(yùn)輸所能承受”的原則。

  英文原文:In fact, the principle of “what the traffic can bear” in effect means that commodities which are highly rated subsidize those which are rated lower.

  注釋:in fact: 實(shí)際上 in effect: 有效 commodities: 商品 highly: 高地,非常 rated: 定價(jià)的,額定的 subsidize: 補(bǔ)償,資助

  中文意思:實(shí)際上,“運(yùn)輸所能承受”原則是指高費(fèi)率的商品可以補(bǔ)償較低費(fèi)率的商品。

  英文原文:This principle was more commonly adopted in the past than the “cost of service” principle because of the problems involved in the computation of the actual unit costs.

  注釋:commonly: 普通地,一般地 adopt: 采用 in the past: 在過(guò)去 cost of service: 服務(wù)成本

  computation: 計(jì)算,估計(jì) unit: 個(gè)體,(計(jì)量)單位:

  中文意思:“運(yùn)輸所能承受”原則在過(guò)去比“服務(wù)成本”原則更為普遍的采用,這是由于實(shí)際單位成本計(jì)算時(shí)所涉及到的問(wèn)題。

  英文原文:However, containerization with standardized cargo units has made the calculation of the service cost per unit easier than heterogeneous break bulk cargoes.

  注釋:however: 可是,無(wú)論如何,仍然 containerization: 貨柜運(yùn)輸,貨柜裝貨 standardized: 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的,定型的 calculation: 計(jì)算,考慮 per unit: 每個(gè)單位 heterogeneous: 不同種類的 break bulk cargo:件雜貨

  中文意思:但是,計(jì)算貨柜運(yùn)輸?shù)臉?biāo)準(zhǔn)貨物單位的集裝箱化使得計(jì)算此種單位貨物服務(wù)成本比不同種類的件雜貨的服務(wù)成本容易得多。

  英文原文:The carriers are therefore increasingly adopting the “service cost” principle nowadays, particularly with a view to fighting competition.

  注釋:therefore: 因此,所以 increasingly: 日益,愈加 nowadays: 現(xiàn)今,現(xiàn)在 particularly: 獨(dú)特地,顯著地 with a view to: 著眼于,以…為目的,考慮到 fighting: 挑戰(zhàn)性的,適于戰(zhàn)斗的 competition: 競(jìng)爭(zhēng)

  中文意思:特此考慮到競(jìng)爭(zhēng)因素,如今承運(yùn)人日益采用“服務(wù)成本”原則。

  歷年考題:

  When determining the freight rate, the age-old principle of “what the traffic can bear” is increasingly substituted by the ( ) principle nowadays.

  A. open market rate

  B. surcharges

  C. service cost

  D. stowage factor

  答案:C

  分析:決定運(yùn)價(jià)水平高低取決于許多因素,最初的“運(yùn)輸所能承受”原則,現(xiàn)在逐漸被考慮服務(wù)成本原則所替代。

  英文原文:The open market rates are also taken into account. When commodities move in large quantities and are susceptible to charter competition, the rates may be left “open” so that a liner has the option of charging whatever is considered appropriate in the competitive situation.

  注釋:open market rate: 公開(kāi)市場(chǎng)費(fèi)率 take into account: 重視,考慮 susceptible:易受影響的 so that : 所以option: 選擇權(quán) charge: 收費(fèi),要價(jià) appropriate: 適當(dāng)?shù)?competitive: 競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的

  中文意思:公開(kāi)市場(chǎng)費(fèi)率同樣受到關(guān)注。當(dāng)貨物運(yùn)輸?shù)臄?shù)量大且易受到租船業(yè)務(wù)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的影響時(shí),為了適合競(jìng)爭(zhēng)環(huán)境,因此費(fèi)率可能會(huì)公開(kāi),所以班輪運(yùn)輸在運(yùn)費(fèi)價(jià)格方面有了可供選擇的權(quán)利。

  英文原文:The liner rates are also subject to surcharges or adjustment factors which may be levied from time to time in order to enable the shipping lines to meet certain price variations in their inputs such as currency adjustment factor (CAF), the bunker adjustment factor (BAF) and port congestion surcharges.

  注釋:be subject to: 受…影響的 surcharge: 附加費(fèi)用 adjustment factor: 調(diào)整因素 levy: 征收 from time to time: 有時(shí) in order to: 為了 enable: 使能夠 shipping line: 航運(yùn)公司 variation: 變化,變更 input: 投入 currency adjustment factor: 貨幣貶值調(diào)整因素,貨幣貶值附加費(fèi) bunker adjustment factor: 燃油價(jià)格調(diào)整因素,燃油附加費(fèi) port congestion surcharge: 港口擁擠附加費(fèi)(congestion: 擁塞)

  課文意思:班輪費(fèi)率也受附加費(fèi)和其他調(diào)節(jié)因素的影響而變化,這些費(fèi)用可能會(huì)被不時(shí)征收以使航運(yùn)公司應(yīng)付投入中的價(jià)格變化,比如貨幣貶值的影響,燃油價(jià)格變化的調(diào)整因素和港口擁擠附加費(fèi)。

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