8年前，中國(guó)的專家治國(guó)論者提出了一個(gè)如何處理政府巨量玉米儲(chǔ)備的計(jì)劃，因?yàn)檫@些儲(chǔ)備就要變質(zhì)。
Eight years ago, China's technocrats came up with an idea for what to do with the government's vast stockpile of corn reserves, a stockpile that was going stale.
該計(jì)劃的內(nèi)容是將玉米轉(zhuǎn)化為淀粉、甜料或酒精，而酒精可以與汽油混合，為汽車提供動(dòng)力。此舉將帶來有價(jià)值的產(chǎn)品，并可能減少中國(guó)對(duì)石油的依賴。
The plan was to transform the corn into starch, sweeteners or ethanol, which could be blended with gasoline to run cars. The move would create valuable products and potentially reduce China's oil dependency.
現(xiàn)在，人們?cè)絹碓綋?dān)心，建立生化和生物燃料行業(yè)的工作進(jìn)展得太快了。儲(chǔ)備的變質(zhì)玉米已經(jīng)用盡，快速發(fā)展的工業(yè)加工商，與依靠玉米作為牲畜飼料的農(nóng)民之間的爭(zhēng)奪越發(fā)激烈。
Now there is growing concern that creating biochemical and biofuels industries worked too well. The stale corn reserves are used up and there is increasing competition for fresh supplies between rapidly growing industrial processors and livestock farmers who rely on it as feed for animals.
幾個(gè)省份已下達(dá)強(qiáng)制命令，要求使用的燃料中包含10%的酒精，而且中國(guó)已經(jīng)定下了2020年生物燃料在運(yùn)輸能源中占15%的目標(biāo)。去年，中國(guó)用330萬(wàn)噸玉米生產(chǎn)了100萬(wàn)噸的酒精。
Several provinces have made mandatory the use of a fuel with 10 per cent ethanol content and China has set a target of meeting 15 per cent of its transportation energy needs with biofuels by 2020. Using 3.3m tonnes of corn, it produced 1m tonnes of ethanol last year.
中信嘉華銀行(Citic Ka Wah)中國(guó)業(yè)務(wù)首席經(jīng)濟(jì)師廖群表示，去年10月以來，不斷上漲的食品和糧食價(jià)格，已經(jīng)推高了通脹水平。4月份，食品價(jià)格指數(shù)上漲7.1%，將通脹推高至3%，為近兩年來的高點(diǎn)。
Rising food and grain prices have propelled higher levels of inflation since last October, says Liao Qun, chief China economist for Citic Ka Wah bank. In April, the food price index rose 7.1 per cent, pushing inflation near a two-year high of 3 per cent.
對(duì)玉米的需求，使作為全球第二大玉米生產(chǎn)國(guó)的中國(guó)，自90年代中期以來首次在2005年又重返國(guó)際市場(chǎng)。去年的進(jìn)口量?jī)H有7萬(wàn)噸，但到2020年時(shí)，進(jìn)口總量可能迅速增長(zhǎng)至2400萬(wàn)噸，達(dá)到與世界第一大玉米進(jìn)口國(guó)日本相當(dāng)?shù)乃健?br />
The search for corn sent China, the world's second-biggest corn producer, back into international markets in 2005 for the first time since the mid-1990s. Only 70,000 tonnes were imported last year but that amount is likely to soar to 24m tonnes by 2020. That level would match the current intake of Japan, the world's largest corn importer.
中國(guó)國(guó)家糧油信息中心(China National Grain and Oils Information Centre)市場(chǎng)監(jiān)測(cè)處處長(zhǎng)王曉輝已表示，中國(guó)的玉米出口將在2008年9月之前的一年內(nèi)縮減60%，至200萬(wàn)噸，同時(shí)，進(jìn)口可能增至50萬(wàn)噸。中國(guó)去年玉米產(chǎn)量約為1.43億噸。
Wang Xiaohui, a director at the China National Grain and Oils Information Centre, has said that China's corn exports might shrink 60 per cent to 2m tonnes in the year to the end of September 2008, while imports could rise to 500,000 tonnes. China produced about 143m tonnes of corn last year.
中糧集團(tuán)(Cofco)副總裁于旭波(Patrick Yu)警告稱，中國(guó)可能會(huì)鼓勵(lì)工業(yè)玉米用戶從海外進(jìn)口，以減輕食品安全方面的擔(dān)憂，并幫助緩解國(guó)內(nèi)通脹壓力。
Patrick Yu, vice-president of Cofco, China's largest crops processor, warns that China's industrial corn users might be encouraged to source overseas to allay food security fears and help ease domestic inflation.
政府已停止批準(zhǔn)新的以玉米為原料的酒精工廠，同時(shí)正在開發(fā)使用非糧食作物生產(chǎn)的生物燃料作為替代品。
The government has halted approvals for new corn-based ethanol plants and is developing alternative biofuels using non-food crops
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