成人高考專升本英語復(fù)習(xí)筆記：動詞(7)
來源：育路教育網(wǎng)發(fā)布時間：2011-12-21
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幫助希望進(jìn)入名校的在職人員實現(xiàn)他們的本、�？拼髮W(xué)夢想
(三)被動句與主動句的關(guān)系
被動句的主語實際上是主動句的賓語，主動句變?yōu)楸粍泳鋾r，主語往往被省略。
We asked the teacher to explain the difficult sentences again.-The teacher was asked to explain the difficult sentences again.
I found a poor girl lying on the ground.-The poor girl was found lying on the ground.
My mother bought me a pair of new shoes.-I was bought a pair of new shoes; -A pair of new shoes was bought for me.
When we came to the theatre， we found all the seats occupied.-When we came to the theatre， all the seats were found occupied.
They paint their houses white in spring.-Their houses are painted white in spring.
The people in the town recognize him as a genius.-He is recognized as a genius by the people in the town.
有些動詞，如let， make， hear， see， watch， notice， have(讓，使)， feel 等，在主動語態(tài)中，其后面的不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語時to 被省略，但在被動語態(tài)中需將to表達(dá)出來。在被動語態(tài)中，如果一個簡單句中有兩個動詞，后一動詞一定要加to.
I saw him turn round the corner.-He was seen to turn round the corner.
The teacher made the students copy the sentences many times until they could make sentences themselves.-The students were made to copy the sentences many times until they could make sentences themselves.
含有被動意義的主動語態(tài)：
(1)某些連系動詞，如smell， taste， sound， prove， feel.
The flowers smell sweet.
The food tastes nice.
(2) 某些與can't， won't 等連用的不及物動詞， 如move， lock， shut， open.
It can't move.(不能說 It can't be moved.)
The door won't shut.
(3) 某些可和well， easily等副詞連用的不及物動詞，如read， write， wash， clean， draw， burn， cook.
The cloth washes well.
The poem reads smoothly.
The meat is cooking.
動詞的語態(tài)部分主要應(yīng)掌握被動語態(tài)的基本用法及其在不同的時態(tài)中的表現(xiàn)形式。
1.It remains a question when the new classroom building _________.
A. will be completed B. had been completed
C. would be completed D. has been completed
(答案 A)
2.My mother knows Jane; they _____ to each other at a party.
A. have been introduced B. are introduced
C. were introduced D. had been introduced
(主動語態(tài)：introduce sb. to sb.)
(答案 C)
被動語態(tài)部分還須特別注意動詞make， hear， see等詞，其后面用動詞不定式作補(bǔ)足語時，to 應(yīng)該保留。
Those who won't work should be made to work.
The teacher was made to give up his teaching because of poor health.(give up 放棄;health 名詞;healthy 形容詞;breath 名詞;breathe 動詞)
1. In modern times， great female chefs have become known， and some of the best cook books _______ by women.
A. have written B. are written C. were written D. have been written
答案 D
2. ________ a new shopping center will be built here next year.
A. He is said B. It has said C. It is said C. It says
It is said that 據(jù)說
答案 C
3. New ideas sometimes have to wait for years before they _______ fully.
A. accept B. receive C. are accepted D. are received
they 指代new ideas
receive：1.收到別人給予的東西，不含收件人是否愿意接受之義。
I received a letter from a good friend of mine yesterday.
2.也可表示"得到"， "領(lǐng)受"，"遭受"之意。
The book was favorably received by the public.
Accept： "收到"，強(qiáng)調(diào)主觀意愿決定"接受"，"收授".而receive只表示收到，不一定接受。
She received a gift from him， but did not accept it.
receive 與 accept 在表示贊成某一看法，意見時可以換用。
The moral code is now received / accepted by all.
答案 C
4. In some parks visitors _________ to keep off the grass.
A. request B. requests C. are requested D. is requested
keep off 遠(yuǎn)離
答案 C
5. He remembered ________ to the zoo by his father when he was little.
A. taking B. being taken C. to have taken D. have been taken
remeber doing 記得過去做的事情
答案 B
6. English ________ in a new way at my college in the past few years.
A. has been teaching B. was being taught
C. has been taught D. had been taught
in the past few years 近幾年。現(xiàn)在完成時
答案 C
7. All the machines _______ next month.
A. will be repaired B. will repair
C. will have repaired D. will have repair
被動語態(tài)必不可少的時系動詞be
答案 A
8. The rooms were then empty and most of them _______.
A. have shut up B. had shut up
C. have been shut up D. had been shut up
答案 D
9. When they had finished playing， the children were made _______ all the toys they had taken out.
A. put away B. to put away
C. putting away D. be put away
put away 將某物收起來，放入箱子或抽屜
答案 B
分析句子首先要判斷主語能不能發(fā)出謂語的動作，如果不能發(fā)出動作，就選擇被動語態(tài)，然后再考慮不同的時態(tài)。
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