成人高考專升本英語復(fù)習(xí)筆記：動詞(10)
來源：育路教育網(wǎng)發(fā)布時(shí)間：2012-01-12
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幫助希望進(jìn)入名校的在職人員實(shí)現(xiàn)他們的本、�？拼髮W(xué)夢想
六、非謂語動詞
非謂語動詞包括不定式、動名詞和分詞。否定形式在前面加not.
(一)不定式：to +動詞原形
簡單句中如果已經(jīng)有一個動詞做謂語，那么再有一個動詞就要在這個動詞前加to做不定式。不定式在句子中可以作主語、賓語、表語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、定語、狀語等。
To see is to believe.(眼見為實(shí))
有時(shí)用it做形式主語，真正的主語放在句子最后。
It only took us a year to finish the work.
Once you get into the habit of smoking， you'll find it extremely difficult to get out of it.(get into the habit 養(yǎng)成……習(xí)慣)
She likes to play basketball this afternoon.
The important thing is to save people.
Not to grasp firmly is not to grasp at all.(不定式的否定放在to的前面)
She was the first person to think of the idea. (think of 想起)
He is always the first to come and last to leave the office.
I have nothing to say on the problem.
They warned him not to let out the secret.(let out 泄露)
We are all happy to hear of the good news.
Let's hurry so as not to be late for the meeting. (so as to do sth. 以便為了做某事)
如果not不是放在to的前面，那么它不是否定不定式而是否定整個句子。
They didn't warn him to let out the secret.
They warn him not to let out the secret.
(一)不定式：to +動詞原形
不定式在let， have， make (讓， 使)， see， look at， notice， hear， listen to， feel 等后面作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)to 應(yīng)省略，在被動語態(tài)中to應(yīng)保留。
The coach has the team practice hard every night in the past two years.
I saw a man come into the classroom and talk with the teacher.
Don't forget to have him come tonight.
We felt the house shake.
The house was felt to shake.
Someone was heard to come up the stairs.
在help 后， 不定式可以帶to 也可以不帶to.
Help me (to) get him to bed.
He help her lift the box.
He helped her to mount the bike.
She was helped to lift the box.
當(dāng)不定式和其修飾的詞有動賓關(guān)系時(shí)，動詞如果是不及物動詞，后面就要有必要加介詞。
There is nothing to worry about.
Is this something to be ashamed of ?
I need a pen to write with.
Give me some paper to write on.
Let's find a room to put the things in.
2.不定式的邏輯主語
不定式前面可以加for 或of引導(dǎo)的短語作邏輯主語，說明不定式表示的動作是誰做的，或不定式指的是誰的情況。
It is a great honor for us to be present at this party.
It will be a mistake for us not to help them.
It is hard for one to do a bit of good.
在某些形容詞如kind， good， nice， wise， unwise， clever， silly， wrong， right， foolish， stupid， careless， considerate， rude， naughty， impolite等作表語時(shí)，用of引導(dǎo)短語。
It's kind of you to let me use your dictionary.
It's unwise of them to turn down the proposal.(turn down 拒絕)
It's very nice of you to attend our party tonight.
3.不定式的完成式、進(jìn)行式、被動式
當(dāng)不定式所表示的動作在謂語所表示的動作之前發(fā)生時(shí)，不定式要用完成式： to have +過去分詞;當(dāng)不定式的動作與謂語所表示的動作同時(shí)發(fā)生時(shí)，不定式要用進(jìn)行時(shí)：to be+現(xiàn)在分詞;當(dāng)不定式的邏輯主語是不定式所表示的動作的承受者時(shí)，不定式要用被動式：to be+過去分詞。完成式意味著不定式的動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前，如果是進(jìn)行時(shí)意味著不定式的動作和謂語動作同時(shí)發(fā)生，當(dāng)不定式的邏輯主語是不定式所表示的動作的承受者時(shí)，不定式要用被動式。
I'm sorry to have given you so much trouble.
I meant to have told you about it， but I forgot to do so.
They seemed to be satisfied with the result.
This is the day not to be forgotten.
He wanted the letter to be typed at once.
They seem to be getting along quite well.
He pretended to be sleeping when his mother came in.
在有些結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式的邏輯主語雖然是不定式所表示的動作的承受者，不定式仍用主動形式
We have a lot of work to do.
Give me something to eat.
They found the book hard to understand.
He has no one to take care of. (take care 照顧、照料)
沒有什么人需要他照顧。
He has no one to take care of him.沒有誰照顧他。
一個簡單句同時(shí)出現(xiàn)兩個動詞時(shí)，在后面的動詞前加to.使意動詞和感觀動詞主動語態(tài)前不加to.不定式的完成式、進(jìn)行式、被動式的概念。
不定式在句子中可以作主語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語(主要是目的狀語)、賓語補(bǔ)足語。
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