2012年成考專升本英語(yǔ)考試復(fù)習(xí)筆記(23)
來(lái)源：育路教育網(wǎng)發(fā)布時(shí)間：2012-02-10
育路成人高考培訓(xùn)咨詢
幫助希望進(jìn)入名校的在職人員實(shí)現(xiàn)他們的本、�？拼髮W(xué)夢(mèng)想
1.現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞的區(qū)別
現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)或表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。
China is a developing country.
His words made me thinking a lot.
過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)或動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成。
The United States is a developed country.
There was so much noise that the speaker couldn't make himself heard.
2.分詞的用法
分詞在句子中可以作定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)。
Who is the woman standing by the door?(定語(yǔ))
The girl dressed in white is my sister.(定語(yǔ))
A letter posted today will probably reach in the day after towmorrow.(定語(yǔ))
The theory sounds quite convincing. (表語(yǔ) 物作主語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)是ing的形式，人作表語(yǔ)分詞用ed的形式。)
She seemed quite delighted at the idea. (表語(yǔ))
Working in this way， they greatly reduced the cost.(狀語(yǔ))
Not even pausing to put on the coat， I ran out of the door.(狀語(yǔ))
Built in Ming Dynasty， the bridge is over 800 years old.(狀語(yǔ))
Do you see a boy running towards us?(賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))
(感官動(dòng)詞如：see， hear， feel， watch 后可跟動(dòng)名詞，也可跟不定式，但意思有區(qū)別。Do you see a boy run towards us? )
You'd better have your shoes mended.(賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，have sth. done 讓別人作某事)
If students are caught cheating in exams， they will be kicked out of school. (賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，(kick sb. out of sth.： 驅(qū)趕某人。They knocked him out (of the club) for fighting. )
實(shí)義動(dòng)詞have后面可以接三種形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：現(xiàn)在分詞，過(guò)去分詞，省略to的不定式。
have接現(xiàn)在分詞(表示持續(xù)的動(dòng)作)
The hunters had the fire burning all the night in the woods.
have接過(guò)去分詞(表示被動(dòng))
My mother had her hair cut as soon as she finished her work.
Liping had two of his teeth knocked out in the fight at school.
have接省略to的不定式(表示"讓某人干某事")。
The teacher always has us recite texts.
3.分詞作狀語(yǔ)
與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞相比，作狀語(yǔ)的分詞表示的都是比較次要的動(dòng)作。它可以表示時(shí)間、條件和原因，也可以說(shuō)明謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的背景，描述謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作的狀況或伴隨謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的情況。
They sat facing each other.(伴隨)
She left the hall still weeping.(伴隨)
Insisting that we were not tired ， we urged him to go on.(urge要求，讓)
分詞變否定，在分詞前加not.
Not knowing his address， we couldn't get in touch with him.(get in touch with sb.和某人保持聯(lián)系，原因)
Seeing those pictures， I couldn't help thinking of the days we spent together. (時(shí)間)
Absorbed in the work， he neglected food and sleep. (背景)
He soon fell asleep， exhausted by the journey.(原因)
Seen from the hill， the city looks magnificent. (條件)
分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，它的邏輯主語(yǔ)一般就是句子的主語(yǔ)，邏輯主語(yǔ)無(wú)需表達(dá)出來(lái)。當(dāng)兩者不一致時(shí)，分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)應(yīng)明確表達(dá)出來(lái)。
She rushed into the room， her face covered with sweat
Weather permitting， we'll have a picnic tomorrow.
Her eyes dimmed with tears， she did not see her mother enter.(dim 模糊)
All things considered， her paper is of greater value than yours.
(be of value=be valuable)
4. 現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式與被動(dòng)式
當(dāng)分詞表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)表示的動(dòng)作之前時(shí)，分詞應(yīng)用完成式。構(gòu)成：having +過(guò)去分詞。
Having finished his homework， the boy began to watch TV.
Not having made adequate preparations， they thought it better to postpone the work till next week.
The guest having left， they continued their discussion.
在表示被動(dòng)的含義時(shí)，如果該動(dòng)作此刻正在進(jìn)行，或與謂語(yǔ)表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，就要用現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)形式。構(gòu)成：being+過(guò)去分詞。
The building being repaired is our library.
You'll find the topic being talked about everywhere.
過(guò)去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式都可以表示被動(dòng)，試比較下面兩例，看一看兩者之間的區(qū)別。
Do you know anything about the meeting being held in Beijing?(會(huì)議正在進(jìn)行)
Do you know anything about the meeting held in Beiing?(會(huì)議已經(jīng)結(jié)束)
現(xiàn)在分詞被動(dòng)式表示正在干什么，過(guò)去分詞被動(dòng)式表示已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事。
業(yè)內(nèi)名師團(tuán)隊(duì)，班主任一對(duì)一服務(wù)，全面覆蓋考點(diǎn)，一次考試，保上名校。 ！
成人高考輔導(dǎo) 保過(guò)套餐 90%考點(diǎn)命中率 讓名校觸手可及！
課程名稱 |
課時(shí) |
試聽(tīng) | 學(xué)費(fèi) |
報(bào)名 |
| 成考高起點(diǎn)語(yǔ)文(熱報(bào)) | 13周 |  |
￥200元 |  |
| 成考高起點(diǎn)數(shù)學(xué) | 13周 | |
￥200元 | |
| 成考高起點(diǎn)英語(yǔ) | 13周 | |
￥200元 | |
| 成考高起點(diǎn)歷史地理 | 12周 | |
￥200元 | |
| 成考高起點(diǎn)物理化學(xué) | 12周 | |
￥200元 | |
| 網(wǎng)絡(luò)保過(guò)班(熱報(bào)) | 基礎(chǔ)班 +系統(tǒng)班 +串講班 | ￥1200元 | |
|
更多成考相關(guān)內(nèi)容
成人高考·相關(guān)欄目
- 成考動(dòng)態(tài)
- 報(bào)考指南
- 成考分?jǐn)?shù)
- 經(jīng)驗(yàn)共享
- 高起點(diǎn)
- 專起點(diǎn)
- 成人英語(yǔ)
- 面授課程
- 網(wǎng)絡(luò)課程