2012年成考升專本虛擬語氣用法復(fù)習(xí)指導(dǎo)
來源：育路教育網(wǎng)發(fā)布時間：2012-08-24
育路成人高考培訓(xùn)咨詢
幫助希望進(jìn)入名校的在職人員實現(xiàn)他們的本、專科大學(xué)夢想
虛擬語氣用來表示說話人所說的話并不是事實，而是一種假設(shè)、愿望、懷疑或推測。
如：I wish I could have slept longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class.我希望今天早上能多睡一會，但是我得起來去上課。（表示愿望）
1． 虛擬語氣的基本形式
1）動詞原形，用于一切人稱和數(shù)
如：God bless you.愿上帝保佑你。
2）動詞過去式，用于一切人稱和數(shù)，be的過去式是were。
如：If he were here, everything would be all right.如果他在這，一些都沒有問題。
3)had+過去分詞，用于一切人稱和數(shù)。
如：If you had left a little earlier, you would have caught the train.如果你早點動身，你就能趕上火車了。
4）should +動詞原形，用于一切人稱和數(shù)。
如：They suggested that we should set off straightway.他們建議我們馬上動身。
5）should+ have done，用于一切人稱和數(shù)。
如：They should have come by this time.他們現(xiàn)在該到了。
6）should/would/could+動詞原形
如：If I had time, I should/would/could come.如果我有時間，我一定來。（沒有來）
7)should/would/could have done
如：If they hadn’t helped, you should/would/could have done nothing.要不是他們幫了你，你現(xiàn)在肯定一事無成。
2． 虛擬語氣在非真實條件句中的用法
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條件從句
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結(jié)果主句
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與現(xiàn)在事實相反
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If sb.+過去式（be的過去式是were）
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sb.+should, would, could+動詞原形
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與過去事實相反
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If sb.+had done
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sb.+should,could, would+have done
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與將來事實相反
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If sb.+過去式/were to do/should+動詞原形
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sb.+should, would, could +動詞原形
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與現(xiàn)在事實相反：
如：If I were you, I would apply for the job.如果我是你，我就會申請那份工作。
Even if I had money, I wouldn’t buy it.即是我有錢，我也不會買它的。
與過去事實相反：
如：If I had taken your advice, I wouldn’t have made such a mistake.如果當(dāng)時聽了你的話，我就不會犯這樣的錯誤了。
If it had not been for your help, I wouldn’t have finished the work so easily.要不是你的幫忙，我的工作不會這么容易完成。
與將來事實相反：
如：If it rained/were to rain/should rain tomorrow, I should stay at home.如果明天下雨，我就呆在家里。
If the teacher knew it, she would be angry.萬一老師知道了這件事情，她會生氣的。
注：在非真實條件句中，可以將謂語中的were, had, should放在主語之前，省略if.
如：If you were in my position, what would you do? 如果你處在我的位置，你會怎么做？
省略if: Were you in my position, what would you do?
If facts had been collected one week earlier, we should have had more time to study them.假使早一個星期收集事實，我們就有更多的時間研究它們了。
省略if. Had facts been collected one week earlier, we should have had more time to study them.
If it should rain tomorrow, the meeting would be postponed.萬一明天下雨，會議就會延期。
省略if. Should it rain tomorrow, the meeting would be postponed.
3.條件從句和結(jié)果主句所表的時間不一致的情況
當(dāng)條件從句與結(jié)果主句所表示的時間不一致時，虛擬語氣的形式應(yīng)該作相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。
如：If you were in better health, we would have asked you to come.如果你身體好些，我們早就請你來了。
If we had consulted him on the question yesterday, we should know what to do now.假使昨天我們向他請教了這個問題，現(xiàn)在就知道怎么辦了。
條件從句中用if I were, 結(jié)果主句則可以用任何時間的虛擬形式。
如：If I were not busy, I would have come.假如我不忙，我就會去的。（were表示過去）
If I were not busy, I would come. 假如我不忙，我就會去的。（were表示現(xiàn)在）
4．含蓄條件句的虛擬語氣用法
非真實條件句中的條件從句有時候不表達(dá)出來，只是暗含在上下文中。
如：We didn’t know his telephone number; otherwise we would have telephoned him.
我們不知道他的電話號碼，否則我們就會給他打電話。（暗含條件otherwise）
Without your help, we wouldn’t have achieved so much.沒有你的幫助，我們不可能取得這么大的成績。（暗含條件without your help）
But for your help, I would not have succeeded in the experiment.如果沒有你的幫助，我的實驗就不會成功。（暗含條件But for your help）
Given the opportunity, he might have become a famous singer.如果給他提供機會的話，他很可能已經(jīng)成為著名歌唱家了。（暗含條件Given the opportunity）
5．省去結(jié)果主句的非真實條件句
非真實條件句如省去結(jié)果主句，則常表示一種不可能實現(xiàn)的愿望。這種條件句常用if only來引導(dǎo)。
如：If only I could see him once.我只要在見到他一次就好了。
If only he were here.如果她在這就好了。
If only I hadn’t done that .我要是沒有做那件事就好了。
6．不用if引導(dǎo)的非真實條件從句
非真實條件從句除了用if引導(dǎo)外，還可以用when, unless, lest, as if, for fear, in case, on condition等詞語來引導(dǎo)。
如：Unless I were well, I wouldn’t be at work.除非我好了，否則我就不會去上班。
He handled the instrument with care for fear that it should be damaged.他小心弄那儀器，生怕把他弄壞了。
Take some more money with you in case you should need it.多帶點錢以備急用。
He can use the car on condition that he should return it tomorrow.如果明天車能還回來，他就可以把車借去。
7．虛擬語氣用在主語從句中
在主語從句中，虛擬語氣用should+動詞原形，should可以省略的形式。這種主語從句由連詞that引導(dǎo)。用在It is important(necessary, strange, impossible, imperative, essential) that…句型中。
如：It is essential that we should tell her the news.我們有必要告訴他這個消息。
It is important that we should make full use of our mineral resources.對我們來說，充分利用我國的礦產(chǎn)資源是重要的。
It is necessary that the work should be done.這工作必須立即完成。
It is strange that the result of the experiment should be unsatisfactory.奇怪的是試驗結(jié)果竟然如此不能令人滿意。
（二）其他從句中的虛擬
1． 在賓語從句中虛擬語氣
虛擬語氣用在賓語從句中，有三種情況：
1)wish后面的賓語從句用虛擬語氣
用在動詞wish 后面的賓語從句，常用虛擬語氣表示愿望。
a)用過去式表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反：
如：I wish I knew his address.我要是知道他的地址就好了。
I wish I were as strong as you.我希望像你一樣健壯。
b)用過去完成式表示于過去事實相反：
如：He wishes he hadn’t been rude to his parents.他真希望他沒有對父母無理
I wish I had known it before.我真希望我預(yù)先知道這件事情。
c)用wish+主語+would表示對現(xiàn)在的情況表示遺憾。但是它所表示的動作是從句的主語所能夠控制的。即：只要某人愿意，這種動作是可以改變的。wish+would可以表示從句主語現(xiàn)在愿意或者不愿意進(jìn)行某個動作，這常常是一種習(xí)慣性動作。
如：I wish he would write more often.我多么希望他肯常寫信來。相當(dāng)于：
I’m sorry he isn’t willing to write more often.很遺憾，他不愿意常寫信來。
I wish he would wear a coat.我多希望他肯穿外衣。相當(dāng)于：
I am sorry he refused to wear a coat.可惜他不想穿外衣。
注：wish與would不能用同一個主語。否則句子就會不符合邏輯。所以不能出現(xiàn)
I wish I would這種結(jié)構(gòu)。
d)用wish+主語+would也可以表示對目前的情況的不滿以及希望能有所改變。
如：I wish he would answer my letter.但愿他能給我寫信。（我等他的信已經(jīng)很久了）
I wish they would change the menu.我希望他們的飯菜能變變花樣。（我吃香腸都吃膩了）
但是說話人通常對發(fā)生他所要求的變化不抱有太大希望。
注：wish與would不能用同一個主語。
e) I wish you would可以用來表示請求。這里不表示說話人已經(jīng)感到對方會拒絕請求，但它暗示對方在某個方面使說話人感到惱火或失望。
如：I wish you would stop humming.表示說話人為哼歌曲的問題而惱火。
2）would rather, would sooner 等表示愿望的詞，其后的賓語從句常用虛擬語氣
如：I would rather you came tomorrow than today.我寧愿你明天來，而不是今天。
I could do it myself but I would sooner you did it.我自己也可以做，但我寧愿你去做。
3）在動詞demand, order, propose, request, require, suggest, insist等后面的賓語從句，用should+動詞原形來表示虛擬。
如：The expert proposed that TV should be turned off at least one hour every day.專家建議每天至少應(yīng)該關(guān)掉電視一個小時。
He suggested that we should discuss the question at the next.他建議我們下次會上討論這個問題。
She insisted that we should take up the matter at the meeting.她堅持要求我們在會上談這個問題。
注：insist后的從句中，如果是堅持自己做某事，用陳述語氣，堅持別人做什么事情，用虛擬語氣。
如：She insists that she is right.她堅持自己是對的。
She insisted that I should finish the work at once.她堅持要我馬上完成工作。
有些動詞如：think, expect, believe，其否定句的賓語從句也可以用should+動詞原形。
如：I never thought he should refuse.我萬萬沒有想到他會拒絕。
I had never expected that things should turn out like this.我沒有料到事情的結(jié)果會這樣。
2．表語從句和同位語從句中的虛擬語氣
1）虛擬語氣可以用在表語從句中。當(dāng)句子中有suggestion, proposal, idea, order, recommendation, possibility等名詞時，表語從句用虛擬語氣。其形式為should+動詞原形。
如：His suggestion was that everyone should have a map.他的建議是每人發(fā)一張地圖。
My idea is that the electronic device should be tested at once.我的意見是這一電子器件要立即試驗。
2）虛擬語氣可以用在同位語從句中。
如：They made the request that the problem should be discussed as soon as possible.他們要求盡快討論這個問題。
He gave the order that the work should be started at once.他命令工作馬上開始。
3．在定語從句中的虛擬語氣
虛擬語氣還可以用在定語從句中。這種從句用在 “it is (high，about) time that…”句型中。虛擬語氣的形式是過去式。
如：It is time we started.我們該出發(fā)了。
It is high time we left.我們該走了
4．虛擬語氣在狀語從句中的用法
1）以連接詞as if引導(dǎo)的狀語從句。
如：You speak as if you had really been there.你說的好像你真的去過那里。
He spoke to me as if I were deaf.他跟我說話時就好像我是聾子似的。
2）以in order that , so that 引導(dǎo)的狀語從句， 謂語動詞多用may/ might+動詞原形構(gòu)成/
如：In order that people might understand his new invention, he made a practical demonstration of it.為了讓別人了解他的新發(fā)明，他做了一次示范表演。
I live so that others may live better.我自己活著是為了讓別人活的更好。
3) 由連接詞whether, whatever,even if/though, so long as引導(dǎo)的狀語從句，其謂語可以用虛擬語氣，即謂語用動詞原形。
如：Whether the figure be accurate or not, they have to be rechecked.不管那些數(shù)字準(zhǔn)確與否，都應(yīng)該重新核對。
They have decided to build a reservoir, whatever the difficulties may be.他們決心建造一座水庫，不管有多少困難。
5．虛擬語氣的其他使用情況
虛擬語氣可以使用在口語中，使語氣比較客氣委婉。
1）陳述自己的想法
如：I should like to have a talk with you.我想和你談一談。
I would like to join in your discussion.我想?yún)⒓幽銈兊挠懻摗?br />
2）提出請求或邀請
如：Would you please come and help me? 你來幫幫我好嗎？
3）提出建議或勸告
如：Wouldn’t it be better for us to do it ourselves.我們自己動手做不是更好嗎？
6.虛擬語氣用于某些“祝愿”、“詛咒”等用語中
如：May you be happy!祝你幸福！
Long live the people!人民萬歲！
The devil take you.見鬼去吧！
第二部分 鞏固練習(xí)
1．The house looked as if no one _______ in it.
a. lived b.had lived c. could live d. lives
選b.虛擬語氣用在as if引導(dǎo)的從句中。
2． The chairman suggested that the meeting ______ put off.
a. can be b. be c. is d.will be
選b. suggest后面的賓語從句用 (should)+動詞原形表示虛擬。
3．It is time we _________ do our homework.
a. begin to b. can begin to c.began to d. will begin to
選c. It is time 后面的從句用過去式表示虛擬。
4．Many a delegate was in favor of his proposal that a special committee_________ to investigate
the incident.
a.were set up b. was set up c. be set up. d.set up
選c. proposal后面的同位語用should+動詞原形表示虛擬
5．The manager would rather his daughter__________ in the same office.
a.had not worked b.not to work c.does not work d.did not work
選d. would rather后面的賓語從句用虛擬。
6． Mike’s uncle insists _________ in this hotel.
a.that he not stay b staying not c.that he would not stay d. not to stay
選a. insist 后面的賓語從句用虛擬語氣should+動詞原形
7．I didn’t think it advisable that Tim ________ to the job since he has no experience.
a.is assigned b. will be assigned c.be assigned d. had been assigned
選c.主語從句用should+動詞原形表示虛擬。
8．____ before we depart the day after tomorrow, we should have a wonderful dinner party.
a.Had they arrived b. Would they arrive c. Were they arriving d.Were they to arrive
選d. were 放在條件從句的句首，可以省略if
9．It is politely requested by the management that radio ________ after 11 o’clock at night.
a.were not played b. not play c. not be played d.did not play
選c. 賓語從句should+動詞原形
10．We didn’t know his telephone number, otherwise we ______________ him.
a.would have telephoned b. would telephone c.must have telephoned d.had telephoned
選a.otherwise是隱含條件句
11．To be frank, I’d rather you ______ in the case.
a.will not be involved b. not involved c. not to be involved d. were not involved
選d.would rather 后面的賓語從句用虛擬。
4． The house looked as if no one _______ in it.
a. lived b.had lived c. could live d. lives
選b.虛擬語氣用在as if引導(dǎo)的從句中。
5． The chairman suggested that the meeting ______ put off.
a. can be b. be c. is d.will be
選b. suggest后面的賓語從句用 (should)+動詞原形表示虛擬。
6．It is time we _________ do our homework.
a. begin to b. can begin to c.began to d. will begin to
選c. It is time 后面的從句用過去式表示虛擬。
4．Many a delegate was in favor of his proposal that a special committee_________ to investigate the incident.
a.were set up b. was set up c. be set up. d.set up
選c. proposal后面的同位語用should+動詞原形表示虛擬
5．The manager would rather his daughter__________ in the same office.
a.had not worked b.not to work c.does not work d.did not work
選d. would rather后面的賓語從句用虛擬。
6．Mike’s uncle insists _________ in this hotel.
a.that he not stay b staying not c.that he would not stay d. not to stay
選a. insist 后面的賓語從句用虛擬語氣should+動詞原形
7．I didn’t think it advisable that Tim ________ to the job since he has no experience.
a.is assigned b. will be assigned c.be assigned d. had been assigned
選c.主語從句用should+動詞原形表示虛擬。
8．____ before we depart the day after tomorrow, we should have a wonderful dinner party.
a.Had they arrived b. Would they arrive c. Were they arriving d.Were they to arrive
選d. were 放在條件從句的句首，可以省略if
9．It is politely requested by the management that radio ________ after 11 o’clock at night.
a.were not played b. not play c. not be played d.did not play
選c. 賓語從句should+動詞原形
10．We didn’t know his telephone number, otherwise we ______________ him.
b. would have telephoned b. would telephone c.must have telephoned d.had telephoned
選a.otherwise是隱含條件句
11．To be frank, I’d rather you ______ in the case.
a.will not be involved b. not involved c. not to be involved d. were not involved
選d.would rather 后面的賓語從句用虛擬。
12．I _______ try it again if I _________ you.
a. will; am b. should; am c. would; were d. would; had been
選c.表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反的假設(shè)
13．If it ________ not for the water, the plants __________ live.
a. were; would not b. is; could not c. were; could d. did; could not
選a.表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反的假設(shè)。
14If I ________ that chance to show my ability, I ____ the president of the school.
a. have not had; could not become b. had not had; would not have become
c.did not have; could not become d.doesn’t have; will not become
選b.表示與過去事實相反的假設(shè)。
15.He __________ by that burglar if you ________ to save him.
b. might have been killed; hadn’t come b.will be killed; didn’t come
c.may be killed; didn’t come d.could be killed;haven’t come
選a.表示與過去事實相反的假設(shè)。
16.If it _________ for your help, I __________ that hard time with so little money.
a.were not; would not spend b.is not; can not spend c.had not been; would not have spent
d. have not been;will not spend
選c.表示與過去事實相反的假設(shè)。
17.Where _________ go if war _________?
a.will; break out b.do; will break out c.would; were to break out d.will; is to break out
選c.表示與將來事實相反的假設(shè)。
18.If your teacher ___________ this matter next week, she ________ blame you.
a. could know; will b.knew; would c.knew; will d.knows; may
選b. 表示與將來事實相反的假設(shè)
19.．_________ he fail in this exam, he ________very sad.
a. If ; is b. If ; will be c. Should; will be d. Should; would be
選d.省略了if.
20.. She wishes she _________ that humiliating thing.
a. doesn’t do b. didn’t do c. haven’t done d. hadn’t done
選d.對過去事情的虛擬用過去完成時。
21.．If only I ________ that beautiful skirt to put on.
a.had b. have c. has d. could have
選a.省去結(jié)果主句的非真實條件句。
22.. It is vital that he ________ immediately.
a. should go b. must go c. goes d. went
選a.主語從句中的虛擬語氣用should+動詞原形
第三部分：總結(jié)
本次課主要講述了虛擬語氣的用法，需要大家重點掌握的有：
1.if 引導(dǎo)的非真實條件句
2．在賓語從句中虛擬語氣,特別是wish后面的賓語從句的用法
3．表語從句和同位語從句中的虛擬語氣
4．在定語從句中的虛擬語氣，即It is time that…句型
5．虛擬語氣在狀語從句中的用法
業(yè)內(nèi)名師團隊，班主任一對一服務(wù)，全面覆蓋考點，一次考試，保上名校。 ！
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課程名稱 |
課時 |
試聽 | 學(xué)費 |
報名 |
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￥200元 |  |
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￥200元 | |
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￥200元 | |
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￥200元 | |
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￥200元 | |
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|
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