高考英語閱讀理解中的推斷題，要求考生在理解原文表面文字信息的基礎(chǔ)上，作出一定的判斷和推理，從而得出文章的隱含意義和深層意義。推斷題屬于主觀性較強(qiáng)的高層次閱讀理解題，做這類題目時(shí)，同學(xué)們要嚴(yán)格依據(jù)作者所陳述的細(xì)節(jié)、事實(shí)以及作者的措詞、態(tài)度和語氣，找出能夠表露作者思想傾向和感****彩的詞句，然后利用自己已獲得的相關(guān)知識進(jìn)行推理判斷，從而得出符合邏輯的結(jié)論。根據(jù)近幾年高考英語推斷題的考查情況，本文擬就對隱含意義的推斷、作者觀點(diǎn)的推斷、寫作目的推斷以及材料出處的推斷等四種典型的推斷題類型進(jìn)行分析，以幫助同學(xué)們熟練應(yīng)對。

 

一、如何推斷隱含意義

1．推斷隱含意義的提問方式

It can be inferred from the text that       .

According to…, we can infer that       .

From the text we know that …is most likely        .

When the writer talks about …, what the writer really means is       .

The writer suggests that       .

The story implies that       .

We can infer [conclude] from the passage that         .

這類題干中通常常含有infer, suggest, imply, conclude, intend, purpose, be likely to…等標(biāo)志性詞語。

2. 干擾項(xiàng)的設(shè)置特點(diǎn)

在通常情況下，這類試題的干擾項(xiàng)具有以下特點(diǎn)：或是文章中直接用于表達(dá)細(xì)節(jié)的信息，或是文章中無關(guān)緊要或片面推出的結(jié)論，或是與文章內(nèi)容完全相反的結(jié)論，或是不合常理或不合邏輯的結(jié)論等。

3. 答題誤區(qū)

同學(xué)們在做類題目時(shí)，很容易誤選文段中直接用于表達(dá)信息的選項(xiàng)或表示片面結(jié)論的選項(xiàng)。

4. 技巧點(diǎn)撥

一是要全面分析所有相關(guān)信息，切忌片面思考，得出片面結(jié)論。二是要忠實(shí)原文，切忌脫離原文，憑空臆斷。三是注意不要選擇表層信息答案，應(yīng)該立足由已知推斷未知。

5. 實(shí)例分析（江西卷）

A stronger argument comes from research into school results. Girls grow up earlier than boys, tend to be more orderly and are likely to be better at languages. In a mixed class, boys who might do well in a single-sex class become discouraged and take on the rule of troublemaker. Certainly in the UK this situation has greatly alarmed(驚動(dòng)) the government for it to be encouraging co-educational schools to have some single-sex classes. In the UK the best schools are all single-sex, strongly suggesting that co-education is not the best answer. This may, however, not be as simple as it looks. It may simply be that the famous old schools that attract the best students happen to be single-sex, rather than that being single-sex makes them better schools.

●At the end of the passage the writer suggests that ________.

A. single-sex schools are the best schools in the UK

B. being single-sex does not necessarily make a school better

C. co-educational schools are better for both sexes in personal development

D. because boys cannot compete with girls in study, they go to single-sex schools

【解題思路分析】答案選 B。作者在羅列In a mixed class, boys who might do well in a single-sex class become discouraged and take on the rule of troublemaker和In the UK the best schools are all single-sex等事實(shí)后，得出了It may simply be that the famous old schools that attract the best students happen to be single-sex, rather than that being single-sex makes them better schools這個(gè)結(jié)論。要做對上面這道題，正確理解文章末尾這句結(jié)論性的句子至關(guān)重要。這里尤其要注意句中的rather than這個(gè)關(guān)鍵性詞語，它的意思是“而不是”，用于否定或排除其后引出的內(nèi)容。故只有選項(xiàng)B最合適。

 

二、如何推斷作者觀點(diǎn)

1. 提問方式

The writer’s attitude toward… is______.

The writer thought that______.

According to the author ______.

2. 干擾選項(xiàng)

此類試題的干擾項(xiàng)通常具有以下特點(diǎn)：或是自己的某種看法或觀點(diǎn)，或是社會的一種普遍種傾向，或是與本文無關(guān)或與作者相反的觀點(diǎn)或看法等。

3. 答題誤區(qū)

容易誤選與自己的看法相吻合的選項(xiàng)。

4. 技巧點(diǎn)撥

注意作者在文中的措辭，尤其是表達(dá)感****彩的形容詞、副詞、動(dòng)詞及所舉的例子，才能推斷出作者的弦外之音。