分詞作狀語

　　難點形成原因:

　　1. 對在句中作時間、條件、原因還是別的狀語不是很清楚。

　　2．分不清何時用現(xiàn)在分詞、何時用過去分詞。

　　解決辦法：

　　1．理解分詞作狀語時可以轉(zhuǎn)換成相應的狀語從句。

　　2．分清何時用現(xiàn)在分詞、何時用過去分詞。

　　用法講解：

　　1. 分詞或分詞短語作狀語時，可以表示時間、原因、讓步、條件，方式或伴隨狀況。通常可轉(zhuǎn)換成相應的狀語從句；表示方式或伴隨狀況時可以轉(zhuǎn)換成并列句或非限制性定語從句。例如：

　　Put into use in April 2000 (=When it was put into use in April 2000), the hotline was meant for residents reporting water and heating supply breakdowns. (2005上海) 分詞短語作時間狀語

　　Blamed for the breakdown of the school computer network (=Because she was blamed for the breakdown of the school computer network), Alice was in low spirits.  (2006福建) 分詞短語作原因狀語

　　Given time (=If he is given time), he’ll make a fist-class tennis player. （03北京）分詞短語作條件狀語

　　We often provide our children with toys, footballs or basketballs, thinking that all children like these things. (= and think that all children like these things.) (2006全國3) 分詞短語作伴隨狀語

　　2. 有時為了強調(diào)，分詞前可帶when, while, if, though, as if, unless等連詞一起作狀語，以便使句子的意思更清楚、更連貫。例如：

　　When comparing different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities.  （2006浙江）

　　Though tired, he still continued reading.

　　3. 現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞作狀語時的用法比較。

　　不管是現(xiàn)在分詞還是過去分詞單獨作狀語，其邏輯主語必須與主句的主語一致。分詞作狀語通�？赊D(zhuǎn)換成一個相應的狀語從句或并列句，如果狀語分句或并列句中的謂語動詞為被動結(jié)構(gòu)，就用過去分詞；如果狀語分句或并列句中的謂語動詞為主動結(jié)構(gòu)，就用現(xiàn)在分詞。例如：

　　When compared with the size of the whole earth , the biggest ocean does not seem big at all. （04湖北）

　　分詞部分相當于When the biggest ocean is compared with the size of the whole earth, 主語與分詞是被動關(guān)系，所以用過去分詞。

　　When comparing it with the size of the whole earth, we find that the biggest ocean does not seem big at all.

　　When we compare it with the size of the whole earth... 主語與分詞是主動關(guān)系, 所以用現(xiàn)在分詞。

　　Faced with a bill for＄10,000(=Because he is faced with a bill for＄10,000), John has taken an extra job.  (2006全國2)

　　Whenever he was asked why he was late for class, he would answer carelessly, always saying the same thing (= and he would say the same thing).  （2006江蘇）

　　注意：

　　1. 現(xiàn)在分詞有兩種時態(tài)：一般式doing和完成式having done。一般式通常表示與主句的謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發(fā)生或無先后；完成式則強調(diào)分詞所表示的動作先于謂語動詞所表示的動作。 如：

　　While walking in the street, we met some friends of ours.（同時發(fā)生）

　　Having waited in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home. （04北京）  （“等待”先于謂語動詞“意識到”）

　　2. 分詞的否定式的構(gòu)成: not +分詞。 Not having received a reply, he decided to write again.