(一)情態(tài)動詞無人稱和數(shù)的變化,其后可跟不定式的一般式,也可跟不定式的完成式。can用在否定句中,表示否定的判斷或推測以及理論上的可能性,其肯定形式為must+原形;could+原形動詞表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼耐茰y或判斷。
That can’t be true.
It must be done.
You could be right.
(二)can和could可用于下列結(jié)構(gòu):
can’t help + v-ing
cannot help but不得不
can but只得
cannot choose but只得
cannot…too (over)無論……也不過分
One cannot be too careful.
I can but say it again.
(三)can或could與不定式的完成式連用,表示說話人對過去發(fā)生的行為的真實性所持的態(tài)度(驚奇或懷疑)。can只用于疑問句或否定句。can’t/ couldn’t have + 過去分詞表示對過去情況的強烈否定推測,一般譯為“一定沒……”。
Where can she have gone?
She can’t have gone to school. — It’s Sunday.
He could have gone off with some friends.
(四)may和might均可表示可能性和許可。may可表示給予許可,might則不能。may用于現(xiàn)在和將來時,might用于過去時或表示婉轉(zhuǎn)意義,或可能性不大。
She may not be at home. (= It is possible that she is not at home.)
She can’t be at home. (= it is not possible that she is at home.)
Brown might come to sign up for the match 2 days later.
(五)may +不定式的完成式表示說話人對過去發(fā)生的事情的懷疑與推測;might+不定式的完成式表示對過去發(fā)生的事情可能性的推測,所推測的可能性有時與實際情況相反,一般含批評、責(zé)備的口吻。可能性最小。
She is late. She may have got up late.
You might have done it better.
(六)must表示義務(wù)時,其否定式形式為don’t need to, needn’t + V或don’t have to.
You needn’t come to see me if you don’t want to.
You don’t have to talk so loud.
(七)must + 不定式的完成式表示對過去發(fā)生的事情較有把握的推測,譯為“一定……”,否定式為can’t have done.
The road is wet. It must have rained last night.
He can’t have finished all the exercises within an hour.
(八)ought to 與should + 不定式的完成式用于肯定句,表示該做而未做,用于否定句表示不該做的事而做了,有強烈的批評與責(zé)備口吻。
You ought to have handed in your homework this morning.
You should not have done such a foolish thing.
(九)needn’t have + 過去分詞表示做了不必做的事,譯為“其實沒有必要……”。
You have five days more. You needn’t have worked so hard.
結(jié)束
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