三、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞常見(jiàn)錯(cuò)誤設(shè)置及答題思路
。鄢R(jiàn)錯(cuò)誤]
1.考情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表達(dá)推斷、預(yù)測(cè)的邏輯意義。
2.考"情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞完成式"表達(dá)的虛擬意義。
所設(shè)置的錯(cuò)誤通常出現(xiàn)在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后接的動(dòng)詞形式上,即是接不定式的一般式,還是接不定式的完成式。
例句:
That small country at one time (A) must be (B) prosperous, for (C) it enjoyed a high level (D) of civilization.
(答案:B must have been,表示對(duì)過(guò)去的肯定推測(cè))
In a (A) way I agree with you, but I think (B) you could present (C) your arguement in a much better (D) way.
(答案:C could have presented,表示"本來(lái)可以…"但實(shí)際沒(méi)有做的虛擬意義)
I regret having left (A) the work unfinished (B)I should plan (C) everything ahead (D) carefully.
(答案:C should have planned,表示"本應(yīng)該做"而實(shí)際未做的虛擬意義)
A piece of evidence shows (A) that life may exist (B) on earth (C) 38 billion years ago (D) .
(答案:B may have existed,表示根據(jù)邏輯推理對(duì)過(guò)去事情作出的可能性推測(cè))
I got up early (A) but I didn't need to do (B) so, because (C) I had no work to do (D) that morning.
(答案:B needn't have done,表示做了不必做的事)
He knew (A) that she mustn't have taken (B) the book as (C) she hadn't been (D) in the house at that time.
(答案:B couldn't have taken,表示對(duì)過(guò)去的否定推測(cè))
。郾驽e(cuò)思路]
反復(fù)閱讀題句,正確理解句子的含義,確定其表達(dá)推測(cè)、判斷的語(yǔ)氣是強(qiáng)烈還是緩和(委婉),語(yǔ)義是禁止、允許、勸阻、警告、評(píng)論還是惋惜,據(jù)此辨別句中劃線的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用詞是否準(zhǔn)確,所接動(dòng)詞形式是否符合語(yǔ)義要求,從而找出錯(cuò)誤所在。從以往試題來(lái)看,有關(guān)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的錯(cuò)誤大都設(shè)置在該接動(dòng)詞完成式而誤用一般式,請(qǐng)考生注意這一點(diǎn)。
。鄹腻e(cuò)要領(lǐng)]
把握不同的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞加動(dòng)詞不定式完成式表示的各種意義:
1.must have+過(guò)去分詞,表示對(duì)過(guò)去情況的強(qiáng)烈肯定推測(cè),譯為"(昨天)一定…"。
2.can't/couldn't have+過(guò)去分詞,表示對(duì)過(guò)去情況的強(qiáng)烈否定推測(cè),譯為"(昨天)一定沒(méi)…"。
3.may/might have+過(guò)去分詞,表示對(duì)已發(fā)生的事情作不肯定、可能性很小的推測(cè),或事實(shí)上根本沒(méi)發(fā)生,譯為"也許…"。
4.needn't have+過(guò)去分詞,表示作了不必做的事,譯為"其實(shí)沒(méi)必要…"。
5.should(n't)have+過(guò)去分詞,表示應(yīng)該做其事,但實(shí)際上未做或不應(yīng)該做但實(shí)際上做了,譯為"本(不)應(yīng)該…"。
6.ought to have+過(guò)去分詞,表示動(dòng)作按理該發(fā)生了,譯為"該…"。
7.could have+過(guò)去分詞,表示過(guò)去本來(lái)可以做,但卻未做,譯為"完全可以…"。
注意下面幾個(gè)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的習(xí)慣用法:
had better do…(沒(méi)有不定式符號(hào)to)
had better not do…(not的位置不在had后面)
would like to do…(帶to)
would not like to do…(注意not的位置)
used to do…(to后接動(dòng)詞原形,不是ing形式)
四、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常見(jiàn)錯(cuò)誤設(shè)置及答題思路
[常見(jiàn)錯(cuò)誤]
1.該用不定式作賓語(yǔ)而錯(cuò)用了動(dòng)名詞,或反之。
2.該用不定式完成式而錯(cuò)用了一般式。
3.該用不定式或動(dòng)名詞被動(dòng)態(tài)而錯(cuò)用了主動(dòng)態(tài)。
4.該用過(guò)去分詞而錯(cuò)用了現(xiàn)在分詞。
5.分詞放在句首時(shí),其邏輯主語(yǔ)與句子主語(yǔ)不一致,構(gòu)成垂懸分詞的錯(cuò)誤。
例句:
Not too many (A) years ago (B) , my mother jogged in the alley behind our house because she was embarrassed to see (C) jogging in public (D) .
(答案:C to be seen,與she是受動(dòng)關(guān)系)
You will (A) almost always find (B) Caroline playing (C) a video game because she enjoys to be challenged (D) .
(答案:D being challenged, enjoy要求動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ))
When the tank car carried (A) the poisonous gas ran off (B) the rails, the firemen tried to isolate the village from (C) all traffic (D) .
(答案:A carrying,與邏輯主語(yǔ)car為施動(dòng)關(guān)系,即"車載著…")
People cannot but (A) feel puzzling (B) , for they simply cannot (C) understand how he could have made (D) such a stupid mistake.
(答案:B puzzled,過(guò)去分詞表示承受動(dòng)作后所處的狀態(tài))
Mr.Jankin regretted to blame (A) his secretary for (B) the mistake, for (C) he later discovered (D) it was his own fault.
(答案:A having blamed,此處regret要求接動(dòng)名詞,其完成式表明blame發(fā)生在regret之前)
When I consider how talented he is (A) as a painter (B) , I cannot help but believing (C) that the public (D) will appreciate his gift.
(答案:C believe,習(xí)慣用法cannot help but do)
The bank is reported (A) in the (B) local newspaper to be robbed (C) in broad (D) daylight yesterday.
(答案:C to have been robbed, yesterday是修飾不定式的,用完成式表示動(dòng)作已發(fā)生)
Using (A) English as a tool, some data (B) may be collected (C) for (D) the research work.
(答案:A可以考慮改為If we use,全句最好改為If we use English as a tool, we can collect some data for the research work.句子的主語(yǔ)data不可能作分詞using的邏輯主語(yǔ))
結(jié)束
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