1、It applies equally to traditional historians who view history as only the external and internal criticism of sources, and to social science historians, who equate their activity with specific techniques �！�

    譯文：它同樣適用于傳統(tǒng)歷史學家和社會科學歷史學家，傳統(tǒng)歷史學家（或前者）將歷史僅僅看作是對歷史材料來源的內(nèi)部的和外部的批評，社會科學歷史學家（或后者）把歷史 研究活動等同于具體的研究方法。

    2、For example ， they do not compensate for gross social inequality ， and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances.

    譯文：例如，它們不能彌補巨大的社會不公，因此不能說明一個物質(zhì)條件差的年輕人會有多大才干，如果他在較好的環(huán)境中長大。

    3、There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry .

    譯文：方法論是指一般的歷史研究中特有的概念，還是指歷史研究中各個具體領域適用的研究方法，人們對此意見不一�！�