環(huán)球卓越2011年同等學(xué)力英語(yǔ)名詞性從句的四類用法

名詞性從句共有四種：主語(yǔ)從句，表語(yǔ)從句，賓語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句。

1．主語(yǔ)從句：主語(yǔ)從句在整個(gè)句子中作主語(yǔ)。

(1)不同于其它的連詞，它不充當(dāng)句子的成分，只是單純的連接詞，通常不可以省略。分句置于句首時(shí)，that絕對(duì)不可以省略。

That the driver could not control his war was obvious.

It was obvious that the driver could not control his car.

(2)if 不能用在主語(yǔ)從句中，而是用whether

Whether he left (or not) is unknown

(3)當(dāng)主語(yǔ)從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用第三人稱單數(shù)，下面這個(gè)句型例外。

What we need is more time and money.

What we need are many more books.

2. 表語(yǔ)從句：表語(yǔ)從句出現(xiàn)在系動(dòng)詞后，充當(dāng)表語(yǔ)。

The trouble is that we are short of money.

Go and get your coat. It’s where you left it.

(1) 引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句除了上述三類詞外還有because, as if/ as though等等

The reason (why/for which…..) is that ……

It/This/That is because……

(2) 連系動(dòng)詞“appear, look, seem”的兩個(gè)常用句型

It seems/appears that….

It looks/seems as if/as though……(與事實(shí)相符用陳述語(yǔ)氣，與事實(shí)相反用虛擬語(yǔ)氣)

(3) as 也可以引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句

Things are not always as they seem to be

3. 賓語(yǔ)從句：及物動(dòng)詞，形容詞和介詞后加賓語(yǔ)從句作其賓語(yǔ)。

(1) 賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)態(tài)與主句相呼應(yīng)，但賓語(yǔ)從句表示的是客觀真理或普遍現(xiàn)象除外

The teacher told us that the earth moves around the sun

(2) 連詞whether和 if可以互換，但注意下列情況

連詞后緊跟or not時(shí)用whether

I want to know whether or not they will come.

作介詞賓語(yǔ)是用whether引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句

He was interested in whether he saw her there.

連接詞后直接加不定式，不能用if只能用whether

He doesn’t know whether to stay or not.

如果賓語(yǔ)從句是否定時(shí)，一般用if引導(dǎo)

I care if he will not attend the meeting.

(3) 當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句后帶賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，要用“主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+it +賓補(bǔ)+that-clause, that不可省略

I think it certain that she will do well in her exam.

(4) 當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是I, we ，主句用think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine五個(gè)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，用否定轉(zhuǎn)移

I don’t think he will win the game, will he?

(5) that在賓語(yǔ)從句�？梢允÷裕�但由and或 but連接兩個(gè)或多個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，僅可以省略第一個(gè)連詞that

He said (that) he had eaten nothing but that he wasn’t hungry.

(6) 注意區(qū)別if引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句和條件狀語(yǔ)從句

I don’t know if he will come.

If he comes, I’ll let you know.

4. 同位語(yǔ)從句，在句中作某些名詞的同位語(yǔ)，對(duì)前面的名詞進(jìn)一步說明。用在下列名詞 fact,news,idea,hope,believe,hope,thought,doubt.truth,order,suggestion, word etc.

(1) There is no doubt that he will come.

There is doubt whether he will come.

Word came that Napoleon would come to inspect them.

There is no possibility that….

(2) that引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別：

在同位語(yǔ)從句中：that不可以省略，不作成分;定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞that在定語(yǔ)從句作成分，作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略

We are interested in the news that some foreigners would visit our school.

We are interested in the news that he told us.

when, where引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別：

在定語(yǔ)從句中，when, where前有分別表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)的先行詞；而在同位語(yǔ)從句中無此對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系

They have no idea at all where he has gone.(同位語(yǔ)從句)

Go and get your coat. It’s in the place where you left it.(定語(yǔ)從句)

5. 疑問詞-ever既可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，也可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，而no matter+疑問詞只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句

No matter where I go, my heart is towards China.

I believer whatever he says.    Whatever he says, I will never believe him.

who與 whoever的區(qū)別

who是“誰(shuí)”的意思，表示具有疑問，who相當(dāng)于anyone who“無論誰(shuí)”

Whoever leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.

Can you tell me who that gentleman is?

6．當(dāng)名詞性從句缺少主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞通常用what。另外，有時(shí)具有感嘆意義all that, anything that或 the thing(s) that

What we can’t get seems better than what we have.

Tom thought what a beautiful girl Mary was.

7. 注意區(qū)分it 作形式主語(yǔ)的主語(yǔ)從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)句

強(qiáng)調(diào)句句型It is/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that, 去掉It is/was, that，句子仍然成立。

It is natural that they should have different views. 主語(yǔ)從句

It is only lately that he had had a family himself. 強(qiáng)調(diào)句

What was it that he wanted?    I don’t know what it was that he wanted.

It was in the hotel where he stayed that we discussed the serious problem

8. 注意it 作形式主語(yǔ)的主語(yǔ)從句和as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)的不同

It is known to all that the earth is round.

As is known to all, the earth is round.