第四節(jié) 倒 裝 

倒裝語序有兩類: 全部倒裝和部分倒裝。

全部倒裝：指謂語部分全部提到主語之前；
部分倒裝：指謂語的一部分提到主語之前。

倒裝語序常出現(xiàn)在下列情況中:

1. 為避免句子部分內(nèi)容重復(fù), 英語中常用倒裝句,即: so (neither, nor)+be動詞(助動詞, 情態(tài)動詞)+主語。
My fater is an engineer; so is my husband.
Jane didn’t attend my class yesterday; nor did Torris.
"John can’t swim." "Neither can I.""約翰不會游泳。" "我也不會。"

[提示]如表示贊同別人的陳述, so后面的部分不倒裝。
"Jim is a good-swimmer."
"So he is, and so is Dick."

2. 具有否定意義的詞或短語置于句首時, 句子一般部分倒裝,即將be動詞、助動詞或情態(tài)動詞提到主語前。這類詞或短語包括: not, never, seldom, hardly, rarely, scarcely, by no means, under no circumstances, in no way, at no time,no sooner…(then), hardly …(when), not only…(but also)等。

Never has my brother been abroad before.
Hardly had I sat down when I heard someone knocking at the door.
No sonner had he returned than he bought a fine house and went to live there. 
At no time should you give up studying.在任何時候你都不應(yīng)放棄讀書。

[提示]

(1)如果句首的否定詞修飾主語, 是主語的一部分, 則句子不用倒裝。

Scarcely a drop of rain fell last month.

(2) as或though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句常用倒裝。一般將一些形容詞、副詞等置于句首。

Prominent as he is in his field, he remains easy-going.
Wealthy as he is, I don’t envy him.

3. 當(dāng)so, often, only等表示程序或頻率的副詞置于句首時, 句子一般倒裝。

So great was the destruction that the south took decades to recovery.
Often does he warn us not to touch the poisonous chemical.
Only in this way can we accomplish it on time.

4. 當(dāng)there, here, then, now等副詞置于句首, 且謂語動詞為come, go, be等詞時,句子一般全部倒裝。此類倒裝句旨在引起別人注意。但如果主語是代詞。句子則不倒裝。

Look! Here comes the taxi.
Here are some letters for you to type.
Then came the chairman.

5. 當(dāng)out, in, away, up, bang等方位或擬聲詞置于句首時, 句子一般全部倒裝。此類倒裝句比正常程序的句子的更生動、形象。但如主語是代詞, 句子則不倒裝。
Away flew the bird.
Bang goes my ace.
Away she went.
Ahead sat an old woman.

Exercises 4 Choose the best answer to complete the following sentences:

1. Only recently ___________ to realize the dangers caffeine(咖啡因)
 might bring to our health.

A. that scientists began               B. have scientists begun
C. scientists have begun               D. that did scientists begin

2. Not until the year of 1954 ________ made the capital of this country.

       A. the city was                        B. was the city
      C. when the city was                   D. was when the city

3. ___________ the doctor right away, he might be alive today.

       A. Should he have gone to              B. If he went to
       C. Were he to go                       D. Had he gone to

4. "Does your father call you very often?"
   "yes, my fater calls about once a week and ___________ ."

       A. so my brother does                  B. my brother does so
       C. so does my brother                  D. does so my brother

5. Hardly anything ___________ more than the happiness of seeing someone using his device for treatment.

       A. please him                          B. does please him
       C. pleases him                         D. does him please

6. So little ___________ about physics that the lecture was completely beyond me.

       A. I knew                              B. did I know
       C. I had known                         D. had I known

7. We are late! Look, ___________ !

       A. there the bus goes                  B. the bus goes there
       C. there goes the bus                   D. the bus there goes

8. Only after he has acquired considerable facility in speaking
___________ to learn to read and write.

       A. he began                            B. will he begin
       C. did he begin                        D. must he begin
9. Busy ___________ he is, he can fulfill the task ahead of schedule.

       A. because                             B. as
       C. no matter how                       D. although

10. By no means ___________ create or destroy energy.

       A. we can                              B. we can’t
       C. can we                              D. shall we

11. How strange ___________ !

       A. that the children are so quiet is
       B. that the children so quiet are
       C. is the children are so quiet
       D. it is that the children are so quiet

12. Not only ___________ tolerant of other people’s opinion,
 but he is also patient.

       A. he is                               B. is he
       C. he will be                          D. will he be

13. She never laughed, ___________ lose her temper.

       A. neither she did                     B. nor did she
       C. either did she                      D. she either

14. ___________ table tennis was accepted as a regular part of
the Olympic Games.

       A. Not until 1986                B. It was not until 1986 that
       C. It was in 1986 when           D. It was until 1986 that

15. ___________ that Susan hadn’t dared to make a sound.

       A. So was he absorbed                  B. So absorbed he was
       C. So absorbed was he                  D. So he was absored