名詞在句子中的作用

　　名詞在句子中有以下幾種重要作用，如做主語、賓語、表語、補(bǔ)足語等。它是句子中最主要的詞。

　　(一)主語

　　1. 句子的主語：

　　Father is working on the farm. / Mary visited her teacher yesterday. / A beautiful ship will sail on this river tomorrow. / Some goods have arrived.

　　句子中的黑體字均表示“誰……”或“什么……”，即動作的執(zhí)行者。一般都放在句首。

　　2. 動名詞邏輯上的主語：

　　They thought Tom’s going there a mistake. / Mary’s getting married will be announced next month.

　　句子中的黑體字均為動名詞邏輯上的主語，表示動名詞going，getting的執(zhí)行者。

　　3. 分詞上的邏輯主語：

　　Peter being ill，his mother has to stay at home. / The sun having set，children went home. / She came into the classroom，her face covered with sweat.

　　句子中的黑體字均為分詞上的邏輯主語，表示這是“誰”的情況，如Peter 生病、太陽落山等。

　　(二)賓語

　　He has a pretty cat. / Teacher can help Rose. / The sailor crossed the dangerous river easily. / Students should do their homework alone.

　　句子中的黑體字均表示動作的承受者，通常放在及物動詞的后面。

　　She gave John a bag. / The grandmother is telling children a story. / The little boy brought mother an orange. / The wife cooked her husband a big fish.

　　句子中的黑體字均為雙賓動詞的賓語，其中，指人的為間接賓語，如John，mother等;指物的為間接賓語，如bag，fish等。

　　以下是介詞的賓語：

　　I went to school everyday. / They are talking about the traffic accident. / On Friday，we always have our English lessons.

　　句子中的黑體字均為介詞的賓語，表示與介詞有關(guān)的東西，和介詞一起表達(dá)一個(gè)完整的意思。這種賓語一般跟在介詞后，和介詞一起構(gòu)成介詞短語。

　　(三)表語

　　My sister is a doctor. / He has become an artist. / The ruins have been a famous building.

　　句子中的黑體字均為表語，表示主語是“誰”、“成為什么”。主語和其補(bǔ)足語往往指同一個(gè)人或同樣?xùn)|西。句子的動詞為系動詞。

　　(四)賓語的補(bǔ)足語

　　Many people now consider the family a school. / They elected him president. / All the students in that class knew their monitor a coward.

　　句子中的黑體字均為賓語補(bǔ)足語，對賓語進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明，表示它“成為什么”、“被認(rèn)為如何”等。它和賓語有密切關(guān)系，通常緊跟賓語其后。

　　(五)狀語

　　He will arrive here next week. / We have walked eight miles. / It is six inches. / He will be back Monday.

　　句子中的黑體字均為狀語，這些狀語用來修飾動詞或形容詞，表長度時(shí)間等。在多種情況下，其前面有修飾語，有時(shí)也可以單獨(dú)做狀語。

　　(六)同位語

　　My friend John is a pleasant person. / This is Mr. Smith，headmaster of No.3 Middle School. / My roommate bought many things: books，pencils and stamps.

　　句子中的黑體字均為同位語，表示其前面名詞或代詞究竟指什么，或?qū)ζ淝懊娴拿�詞或代詞做補(bǔ)充說明，如John，headmaster，和books，pencils and stamps 分別對friend，Mr. Smith，things 做進(jìn)一步的說明。

　　(七)定語

　　My family lives in a country house. / They are at the harvest festival. / He often visits night club. / His uncle met a silver smith that day.

　　句子中的黑體字均為定語，修飾其后面的另一個(gè)名詞，或與另一個(gè)名詞構(gòu)成合成詞。