主謂一致關(guān)系

　　英語(yǔ)中，主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)在數(shù)、性和格上應(yīng)該保持一致，但在實(shí)際應(yīng)用中很容易被忽視，尤其是主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)之間出現(xiàn)插入語(yǔ)，故考試中經(jīng)�？嫉街髦^一致。除了以上特殊名詞謂語(yǔ)有特殊要求外，現(xiàn)將主謂一致的考點(diǎn)歸納如下：

　　(1) 復(fù)數(shù)原則：兩個(gè)或者兩個(gè)以上的名詞由and連接做主語(yǔ)時(shí);主語(yǔ)由both ...

　　and ... 連接時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。

　　Baseball and swimming are usually summer sports. 棒球和游泳通常都是夏季的運(yùn)動(dòng)項(xiàng)目。

　　Both bread and butter are sold in that grocery. 那個(gè)雜貨店既賣面包，也賣黃油。

　　(2) 就近原則： 由 either ... or ...;neither ... nor ...;not only...but also...;...or ...;there be ...等引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于最靠近動(dòng)詞的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。

　　Not only the students but also their teacher is invited to attend the party. 受邀參加晚會(huì)的不僅有學(xué)生而且有教師。

　　(3) 就遠(yuǎn)原則：主語(yǔ)，+ as well as + 另一個(gè)主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于第一個(gè)主語(yǔ)的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。

　　My mother，as well as my two brothers，has a key to the office.

　　我母親，還有我的兩個(gè)哥哥都有一把辦公室的鑰匙。

　　適用于同樣規(guī)定的其他結(jié)構(gòu)：

　　with...;together with...;along with...;including...;in addition to...;besides...;except...;as much as...;accompanied by ...;rather than...等。

　　(4) 表示時(shí)間、距離、價(jià)值、量度的復(fù)數(shù)名詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。

　　One hundred dollars is a large sum for the poor. 對(duì)于窮人來(lái)說，100美元是個(gè)不小的數(shù)目。

　　Twenty days has passed since I met her last time. 自從我上次見到她到現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)過去二十天。( twenty days 這里不做整體看待，故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù))

　　(5) and連接兩個(gè)名詞表示一個(gè)概念做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù);若表示的是多個(gè)不同的概念時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。

　　War and peace is a constant theme in literature. 戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)與和平是文學(xué)中永恒的主題。(War and peace是一對(duì)概念，看做一個(gè)主題)

　　同例：ham and eggs火腿蛋 steam and bread饅頭

　　law and order法制 bread and butter面包黃油

　　apple pie and ice cream蘋果派冰激凌 folk and knife刀叉

　　wheel and axle 輪軸 needle and thread針線

　　love and hate愛與恨 egg and rice 蛋炒飯

　　The writer and translator is delivering a speech in our university tonight.(指同一個(gè)人)

　　The writer and the translator are delivering a speech in our university tonight.(指兩個(gè)人)

　　A black and a white dog are playing in the yard.(指兩只狗)

　　A black and white dog is playing in the yard.( 指一只狗)

　　(6) 動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞、名詞性從句做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。

　　Early to bed and early to rise makes one healthy，wealthy and wise.(指“早睡早起”一件事)

　　To work hard is necessary 努力工作是很必要的。

　　What I said and did is of no concern to you. 我所說的和所做的與你無(wú)關(guān)。

　　Reading three classical novels and making some social investigations are assignments for the students during the holiday. 學(xué)生假期的任務(wù)是讀3本古典小說和做社會(huì)調(diào)查。(注意：指不同性質(zhì)的兩件事，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù) )

　　(7) many a，more than one + 單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，盡管表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，謂語(yǔ)仍用單數(shù)。

　　Many a student has made such a mistake. 很多學(xué)生都犯了這樣的錯(cuò)誤。

　　More than one stranger agrees with me. 不止一個(gè)陌生人同意我的看法。

　　[注意]

　　在“more + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 + than one”結(jié)構(gòu)做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。

　　More persons than one have been involved. 卷入其中的遠(yuǎn)不止一人。

　　(8) 由every ...and every ...;each ... and each...;no ... and no...;many a ...and many a ... 等連接的并列主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。

　　Every man and every woman working here is getting along well with me. 在這工作的所有人和我相處得都很好。

　　No difficulty and no hardship has discouraged him. 沒有什么困難或挫折可以打敗他。

　　(9) 由 all of，most of，half of， a lot of，part of 等加名詞構(gòu)成的主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)取決于該名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。

　　All of us are going to see the game. 我們所有人都去看電影。

　　All of his time was spent on gambling.他把所有時(shí)間都花在賭博上了。

　　Three-fourths of the people are illiterate.3/4的人都是文盲。

　　同例： plenty of...，one fourth of...，none of...，some of ...，majority of ...，... percent of ...，the rest of ...，reminder of ....

　　(10) a number of(a total of ，an average of )+ 復(fù)數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。

　　the number of(the total of，the average of)+ 復(fù)數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。

　　The total of dollars donated last month was 10，000 dollars. 上個(gè)月總共捐贈(zèng)了1萬(wàn)美金。

　　同例：a / the variety of;a / the group of

　　(11) 定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞注意與先行詞保持一致，但注意the only one of... 的用法。

　　One of those men likes to drive fast. 這些人中有一個(gè)人喜歡開快車。

　　One of those men who like to drive fast is her son. 這些人中喜歡開快車的那個(gè)是她的兒子。

　　He is the only one of those men who likes to drive fast. 他是這些人中唯一喜歡開快車的。

　　(12) 由some，any，no，every 構(gòu)成的復(fù)合詞如somebody，nothing，nobody，anything，everybody等代詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù);由each，every one，no one，either，neither，another，the other做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù);由either，neither，each，every修飾名詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如：

　　More than one example is necessary to make the students understand this rule clearly. 要想使學(xué)生清楚地理解這個(gè)問題，不只需要一個(gè)事例。

　　Neither is satisfactory. 兩個(gè)都不令人滿意。

　　Is either of the singers reading now?兩個(gè)歌手中，哪個(gè)現(xiàn)在正在看書?

　　(13) the + adj / v-ed 表示一類人時(shí)，用復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞;表示抽象概念時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。

　　The sick have been cured and the lost have been found.

　　病人得到了醫(yī)治，失蹤的也找回來(lái)了。

　　同例：the poor / dumb / innocent / guilty / unemployed / aged / oppressed / exploited...

　　We can do the difficult first. The impossible takes a little longer.

　　我們先從難題開始，不會(huì)的可能花的時(shí)間長(zhǎng)一些。

　　The best is yet to come. 好戲還在后頭。

　　(14) a pair of + 由兩部分物體構(gòu)成的名詞(如：shoes，scissors，glasses，jeans，pants，trousers)做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。

　　My new pair of pants is being altered. 我的一條短褲正在修改。

　　(15) 當(dāng)主語(yǔ)被one (a) and a half 修飾時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。

　　One and a half apples is left on the plate. 盤子里還剩了一個(gè)半蘋果。

　　(16) 當(dāng)主語(yǔ)由 a series of...，a portion of ...，a species of ...，a kind of ...，a sequence of ...，a chain of...，a piece of ... 加名詞(單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù))構(gòu)成時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。

　　A series of lectures on psychology is said to be given by Mr. Li.

　　據(jù)說李先生會(huì)做一系列心理學(xué)方面的講座。

　　A large portion of her poems was published after her death.

　　他的很多詩(shī)歌都是在他死后發(fā)表的。