Lod carving refers to the art of creating or decorating objects of wood by carving with a sharp, hand-held tool．This form of art has a history of over ,000 years and a unique artistic style．The following is some introduction about wood carving in America. Wood carving began as a necessity in America and developed into an art．Because of the lack of other materials, early settlers were forced to make tools and utensils out of wood．At first, these articles were whittled with a knife, but when pioneer craftsmen set up their primitive shops most of them were fashioned on a lathe -- a machine which holds an object and rotates it while it is being shaped by a tool.
　　However, even after Massachusetts-born Thomas Blancard designed a lathe which could turn irregular shapes -- an innovation that made possible mass production of gunstocks, shoe lasts, oblong and square wooden wares -- craftsmen who could use knife and chisel skillfully were still in demand．Some found ready employment in shops of cabinetmakers, while others, carved decoy．Still others specialized in creating shop signs, ship figureheads, or in decorating interior woodwork．A few even accepted commissions to make busts of prominent citizens.
　　1．This passage most likely came from a longer work about early American_________.
　　A．a(chǎn)rts and crafts.
　　B．political leaders.
　　C．logging industries.
　　D．fashion design.
　　2．According to the passage, the first settlers used wood for their utensils and tools because it was_________.
　　A．durable.
　　B．inexpensive.
　　C．a(chǎn)vailable.
　　D．a(chǎn)ttractive.
　　3．The passage suggests that the early shops for making tools were__________.
　　A．not very sophisticate　　
　　B．known for doing very quick work.
　　C．dependent on imported materials.
　　D．frequented only by fashionable people.
　　4.Which of the following objects was an important woodworking tool used by early American craftsmen?
　　A．A bust
　　B．A decoy
　　C．A figurehead
　　D．A chisel
　　5．In the last sentence, the word “bust” most probably means __________.
　　A．the upper part of one’s body
　　B．self-portrait
　　C．painting
　　D．clothes
　　Because of its potential for cutting costs, the distribution step in the marketing process is receiving more attention．Distribution involves warehousing, transporting and keeping inventory of manufactured products．Take an everyday product like fabric softener．After it comes off the assembly line, it´s packed in cartons and trucked to warehouses around the country．When orders come in from retailers, the fabric softener is delivered to supermarket shelves．This is distribution.
　　Probably the most crucial area for controlling costs is inventory．Companies don´t want to overproduce and have unsold stock of their product piled up in warehouses．Wholesale companies and large retail chains employ several techniques for inventory control．This is where the computer revolution really had an impact．Computerized information systems give precise and up-to-date accounts of inventory on hand．And the field of distribution offers good entry-level jobs for persons with training in computer programming or data processing.
　　Overseeing the whole area of distribution is the distribution manager．This job is becoming increasingly important and can lead to an executive position.
　　6．According to the passage, why is the distribution step in marketing getting more attention?
　　A．It is where companies research and develop new products.
　　B．It is where companies can cut costs.
　　C．It is where employees can update their computer skills.
　　D．It provides jobs for college graduates.
　　7．Why does the writer mention fabric softener?
　　A．To advertise a new product.
　　B．To show how companies set the price of an item.
　　C．To explain why companies must keep costs down.
　　D．To illustrate how the distribution process works.
　　8．Why is inventory control so important?
　　A．It is essential for controlling costs.
　　B．It can lead to an executive position.
　　C．It helps companies overproduce．
　　D．It requires little or no training．
　　9．Why are computers important in distribution?
　　A．They can accurately report on inventory．
　　B．They provide good training in computer programming.
　　C．They make it easier for managers to supervise people.
　　D．They train people for executive positions.
　　10．What is this passage mainly talking about?
　　A．The use of computers for sale of products
　　B．The distribution step in the marketing process
　　C．Cost control in inventory of a product
　　D．Wholesale and retail chains of a product
　　參考答案： 1．A 2．C 3．A 4．D 5．A 6．B 7．D 8．A 9．A 10．B