When they advise your kids to "get an education" if you want to raise your income, they tell you only half the truth. What they really mean is to get just enough education to provide man power for your society, but not too much that you prove an embarrassment to your society.
Get a high school diploma, at least. Without that, you are occupationally dead, unless your name happens to be George Bernard Shaw or Thomas Alva Edison and you can successfully drop out in grade school.
Get a college degree, if possible. With a B. A., you are on the launching pad (發(fā)射臺(tái)). But now you have to start to put on the brakes. If you go for a master's degree, make sure it is an M. B. A. , and only from a first-rate university. Beyond this, the famous law of diminishing returns (報(bào)酬遞減率) begins to take effect.
Do you know, for instance, that long-haul truck drivers earn more a year than full professors?Yes, the average 1977 salary for those truckers was $24, 000, while the full professors managed to average just $23,930.
A Ph. D. is the highest degree you can get, but except in a few specialized fields such as physics or chemistry, where the degree can quickly be turned to industrial or commercial purposes, you are facing a dim future. There are more Ph. D.s unemployed or underemployed in this country than in any other part of the world by far.
If you become a doctor of philosophy in English or history or anthropology or political science Or languages or-worst of all-in philosophy, you run the risk of becoming overeducated for our national demands. Not for our needs, mind you, but for our demands.
Thousands of Ph.D.s are selling shoes, driving cabs, waiting on tables and filling out fruitless applications month after month. And then maybe taking a job in some high school or backwater college that pays much less than the janitor earns.
You can equate the level of income with the level of education only so far. Far enough, that is, to make you useful to the gross national product, but not so far that nobody can turn much of a profit on you.
1. According to the writer, what the society expects of education is to turn out people who _____.
A. will not be a shame to the society
B. will become loyal citizens
C. can take care of themselves
D. can meet the demands as a source of manpower

2. Many Ph.D. s are out of job because____.
A. they are wrongly educated
B. they are of little commercial value to the society
C. there are fewer jobs in high schools
D. they prefer easy jobs with more money

3. The nation is only interested in people ____.
A. with diplomas
B. specialized in physics and chemistry
C. valuable to the gross national product
D. both A and C

4. Which of the following is NOT true?
A. Bernard Shaw didn't finish high school, nor did Edison.
B. One must think carefully before going for a master's degree.
C. The higher your educational level, the more money you will earn.
D. If you are too well educated, you'll make things difficult for the society.