There is growing interest in East Japan Railway Co. ltd, one of the six companies, created out of the privatized nationa__l__ railway system. In an industry lacking exciting growth1, its plan to use real-estate assets in and around train stations__2__is drawing interest.
In a plan called "Station Renaissance" that it__3__in November, JR East said that it would__4__using its commercial spaces for shops and restaurants, extending them to__5__more suitable for the information age. It wants train stations as pick-up__6__for such goods as books, flowers and groceries__7__over the Internet. In a country where city__8__depend heavily on trains__9__commuting, about 16 million people a day go to its train stations anyway, the company __10__. So, picking up commodities at train stations__11__consumers extra travel and missed home deliveries. JR East already has been using its station__12__stores for this purpose, but it plans to create__13__spaces for the delivery of Internet goods.
The company also plans to introduce __14__cards-known in Japan as IC cards because they use integrated circuit for__15__information__16__ train tickets and commuter passes__17__the magnetic ones used today, integrating them into a/an __18__pass. This will save the company money, because__19__for IC cards are much less expensive than magnetic systems. Increased use of IC cards should also__20__the space needed for ticket vending.
1. A perspectives B outlooks C prospects D spectacles
2. A creatively B originally C authentically D initially
3. A displayed B demonstrated C embarked D unveiled
4. A go beyond B set out C come around D spread over
5. A applications B enterprises C functions D performances
6. A districts B vicinities C resorts D locations
7. A acquired B purchased C presided D attained
8. A lodgers B tenants C dwellers D boarders
9. A for B in C of D as
10. A figures B exhibits C convinces D speculates
11. A deprives B retrieves C spares D exempts
12. A conjunction B convenience C department D ornament
13. A delegated B designated C devoted D dedicated
14. A clever B smart C ingenious D intelligent
15. A checking B gathering C holding D accommodating
16. A as B for C with D of
17. A but for B as well as C instead of D more than
18. A unique B single C unitary D only
19. A devices B instruments C readers D examiners
20. A reduce B narrow C dwarf D shrink
答案與解析:
總體分析
本文介紹了東日本鐵路公司引人關(guān)注的新計(jì)劃。文章第一段介紹說(shuō)東日本鐵路公司創(chuàng)造性地利用車站內(nèi)部及周圍房地產(chǎn)的計(jì)劃正引起越來(lái)越多人的關(guān)注。第二段具體介紹了這一計(jì)劃的內(nèi)容及好處,即適應(yīng)信息時(shí)代的要求,把車站作為網(wǎng)上購(gòu)物的物品收取地,這樣既為消費(fèi)者提供了方便,又提高了遞送物品的安全性。第三段介紹了該公司引入智能卡代替目前使用的各種磁卡作車票的計(jì)劃及其優(yōu)點(diǎn)。
1.本題考查名詞的詞義辨析。空格處填入的名詞與growth搭配,由上下文語(yǔ)義可知,此處表達(dá)的含義是"鐵路業(yè)沒(méi)有令人振奮的發(fā)展前景",Prospect"景色,前景,期望"指的是possibility of advancement or success。所以C項(xiàng)正確。perspective做可數(shù)名詞時(shí)多指viewpoint(態(tài)度,觀點(diǎn)),如You have the wrong perspective on this situation(對(duì)于那個(gè)情勢(shì)的未來(lái)發(fā)展,你的看法是錯(cuò)的)。outlook用作"前景"講時(shí)用單數(shù)形式,如the outlook for economic growth(經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的前景)。spectacle"景象,奇觀,場(chǎng)面,眼鏡",如A quarrel between drunken women is an unpleasant spectacle(喝醉酒的女人吵架是個(gè)丑惡的場(chǎng)面)。故答案為C。
2.本題考查通過(guò)上下文選擇適當(dāng)?shù)母痹~的能力?崭裉幍母痹~修飾的動(dòng)作是use real-estate assets in and around train stations(利用車站內(nèi)部及周圍的房地產(chǎn))。由上下文可知,該舉動(dòng)是有創(chuàng)造性的,所以才會(huì)引起人們的關(guān)注,因此A項(xiàng)creatively"創(chuàng)造性地"正確。originally"最初,原先 ,新穎地",如The apartment was decorated quite originally(這套公寓裝飾的十分別致);authentically"確實(shí)地,真正地,逼真地",其形容詞形式為authentic,如 DiMaggio was an authentic folk hero(迪馬喬是一位真正的民間英雄);initially"最初,開(kāi)頭",如His response was initially adamant(他的反應(yīng)開(kāi)始很強(qiáng)硬)。故答案為A。
3.本題考查動(dòng)詞詞義的辨析。由語(yǔ)法知識(shí)可知,空格前的it指代的是主語(yǔ)JR East(東日本鐵路),所填動(dòng)詞表示的是該公司對(duì)"Station Renaissance"這一計(jì)劃發(fā)出的動(dòng)作。[C]項(xiàng)embarked"著手,從事"是不及物動(dòng)詞,常用于embark on/upon sth.,如 He has embarked on a new career(他開(kāi)始了一種新的職業(yè)生涯),embark on a new plan意為"著手一項(xiàng)新的計(jì)劃"。[A]項(xiàng)displayed指把物品展示給人們看, display a plan意為"展示一張?jiān)O(shè)計(jì)圖"; [B]項(xiàng)demonstrated"示范,證明"與plan搭配,指通過(guò)具體演示來(lái)說(shuō)明計(jì)劃的可行性,均不符合文意。[D]項(xiàng)unveiled"揭露,公布"正確,原文意為:東日本鐵路有限公司在11月份公布的"車站復(fù)興"計(jì)劃中說(shuō)……。故答案為D。
4.本題考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的辨析?崭裉幪钊氲膭(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)與using its commercial spaces for shops and restaurants搭配,應(yīng)符合文意。首先B、C兩項(xiàng)的用法分別為set out to do sth."打算、試圖做某事",如He failed in what he had set out to do(他沒(méi)有做到自己原來(lái)想做的事);come around to sth."平息,蘇醒,改變觀點(diǎn)、立場(chǎng)",如It will take him a while to come around to the idea(他需要時(shí)間來(lái)接受這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)),可排除。D項(xiàng)指時(shí)間上的擴(kuò)展,如The economic unrest spread over several years(經(jīng)濟(jì)的動(dòng)蕩不安延續(xù)了數(shù)年之久),不符合文意。A項(xiàng)go beyond"不止,超出"與狀語(yǔ)extending them to呼應(yīng),意為"不僅把它的商業(yè)空地用于開(kāi)商店和餐館,而且還……"。故答案為A。
5.本題考查名詞詞義的辨析?崭裉幪钊氲拿~充當(dāng)extending them to結(jié)構(gòu)中的介詞賓語(yǔ),其中extend...to...意為"擴(kuò)展……用于……",them指上文中的its commercial spaces(東日本鐵路的商業(yè)空地)。因此,所填的名詞應(yīng)與前文一致,表達(dá)這些空地的用處或功能,應(yīng)與use的名詞形式usage屬同一范疇。 A、C項(xiàng)都有"使用"的意思,但application常與"科技成果、理論、法規(guī)"等搭配,強(qiáng)調(diào)它們的實(shí)際應(yīng)用,一般不與spaces搭配,如 The new invention would have a wide range of applications in industry(這項(xiàng)新發(fā)明會(huì)在工業(yè)上獲得廣泛應(yīng)用),C項(xiàng)functions"功能,作用"正確,即"還要把這些商業(yè)空地用于更加適應(yīng)信息時(shí)代的功能上"。enterprise"企業(yè),事業(yè),計(jì)劃";performance"履行,執(zhí)行,性能"。故答案為C。
6.本題考查名詞詞義的辨析?崭裉幪钊氲拿~作pick-up(物品收取)修飾的中心名詞,說(shuō)明東日本鐵路公司想把車站作為物品收取的什么。district指有一定特色的區(qū)域、地區(qū),如rural/mountainous/financial/theatre district;或行政區(qū)域,如election/school/postal district。vicinity"臨近地區(qū),附近",常用單數(shù),如the inhabitants of the vicinity(附近地區(qū)的居民)。resort"旅游、度假勝地",如seaside/beach/ski resort。Location泛指某個(gè)地點(diǎn),與文中pick-up搭配,意為:物品收取地,符合文意。故答案為D。
7.本題考查動(dòng)詞詞義的辨析。空格處填入的過(guò)去分詞與over the Internet搭配,作定語(yǔ)修飾such goods as books, flowers and groceries。由其中心語(yǔ)goods可知文章所講的是網(wǎng)上購(gòu)物,所以B項(xiàng)purchase"買,購(gòu)買"正確,即"東日本鐵路打算把車站作為網(wǎng)上所購(gòu)物品的收取地"。A項(xiàng)acquire"獲得",雖然也可以表示"購(gòu)得",如The company has just acquired new premises(公司剛購(gòu)得新辦公樓),但它強(qiáng)調(diào)"得到"的結(jié)果,但該處顧客應(yīng)該還沒(méi)有得到貨物,所以不正確。C preside常與over搭配,意為"主持,主管",接的賓語(yǔ)為"會(huì)議、活動(dòng)、事件、機(jī)構(gòu)"等,如preside over the meeting/the business.主持會(huì)議/主管業(yè)務(wù)。D項(xiàng)attain"達(dá)到,(經(jīng)過(guò)努力)獲得"也是強(qiáng)調(diào)"得到",不正確。故答案為B。
8.本題考查名詞的辨析。由上下文可知,該處應(yīng)泛指城市人,所以C項(xiàng)city dwellers"城市居民"符合文意。 A項(xiàng)lodgers"寄宿者",B項(xiàng)tenants"承租人,房客 ",D項(xiàng)boarders"寄膳宿者,寄宿生",都具體到以某種特殊方式居住的人,不合文意。故答案為C。
9.本題考查介詞的用法。depend on sb/sth for sth是習(xí)慣搭配,意為:依靠……來(lái)做……,符合文意,原文意為:都市人嚴(yán)重依賴列車作為上下班的交通工具。depend on sth as sth意為:依靠……作為……,但as后通常接名詞,如 We depended on E-mail as the only way of communication when she was abroad(她出國(guó)時(shí)我們依靠郵件作為惟一的通訊方式)。in"在……期間,從事于",of"……的(表所屬)"。故答案為A。
10.本題考查動(dòng)詞詞義的辨析?崭裉幪钊氲膭(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ),表明鐵路公司對(duì)about 16 million people a day go to its train stations anyway(無(wú)論如何,每天大約一千六百萬(wàn)人來(lái)到它的車站)發(fā)出的動(dòng)作。參考選項(xiàng),該句所述內(nèi)容應(yīng)是該公司"計(jì)算或估計(jì)"的,A項(xiàng)figures正確。B項(xiàng)exhibits意為"展示(物品)",與上下文文意不符。C項(xiàng)convinces"使確信,使信服",后面接人,如We convinced Anne(我們說(shuō)服了安妮),如果要接事,應(yīng)改為is convinced。D項(xiàng)speculates指"沒(méi)有確切證據(jù)的推測(cè)、估計(jì)",在這里不符合文意;故答案為A.
11.本題考查動(dòng)詞詞義的辨析?崭裉幪钊氲膭(dòng)詞與consumers extra travel and missed home deliveries搭配。所填動(dòng)詞首先要能接雙賓語(yǔ),即使用sb. sth.的結(jié)構(gòu),其次搭配后的含義要符合文意。A項(xiàng)"剝奪,使喪失"的搭配為deprive sb. of sth.,如deprived him of sleep(使他不能入睡);B項(xiàng)"重新得到,找回,挽回"的搭配是retrieve sth. from sb.如retrieve my bag from him(從他那找回我的包);D項(xiàng)"免除,豁免"的搭配為exempt sb from sth.,如exempt him from military service(免服兵役)。只有C項(xiàng)的搭配為spare sb. (from)sth.,意為"使某人免于做某事",如spare his mother any anxiety(不讓母親有絲毫的擔(dān)憂),原文意為:在車站收取物品使消費(fèi)者節(jié)省了路途而且也不像往家里遞送那樣容易丟失。故答案為C。
12.本題考查習(xí)慣搭配。A項(xiàng)conjunction不與store搭配,它常指"(引起某種結(jié)果的事物等的)結(jié)合",如The conjunction of low inflation and low employment came as a very pleasant surprise(低通貨膨脹和低失業(yè)率的同時(shí)出現(xiàn)是一個(gè)大驚喜)?忌灰纳x, "連鎖店"是chain store。convenience store指"便利店",department store "百貨店",ornament store指"飾品店",根據(jù)常識(shí),車站里面比較普遍的是各式各樣的便利店,所以B項(xiàng)符合文意。故答案為B。
13.本題考查形近詞的辨析。本題表面上是填入合適的過(guò)去分詞做定語(yǔ),實(shí)際上是辨析四個(gè)核心動(dòng)詞的用法。A項(xiàng)delegate搭配事物時(shí)意為"授權(quán),委任,委托",如delegate a task /power(委托任務(wù)/授權(quán)),因此它不與spaces搭配。B項(xiàng)designated spaces意為"指定的場(chǎng)地",但與上文的create搭配后語(yǔ)義重復(fù)。C項(xiàng)devoted"投入的,深愛(ài)的",表感情色彩,顯然不符文意。D項(xiàng)dedicated與spaces搭配表示"專用的空間/場(chǎng)地"。故答案為D。
14. 本題考查形容詞的辨析及固定用法。B項(xiàng)smart card 是固定搭配,意為:(內(nèi)有集成電路可儲(chǔ)存記憶的)智能卡。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都可含有"聰明的"含義,但當(dāng)修飾事物時(shí),A項(xiàng)"機(jī)敏的,巧妙的",強(qiáng)調(diào)"用智慧或小聰明達(dá)到目的",如a clever reply(機(jī)敏的回答),play a clever trick(耍一個(gè)巧妙的花招);C項(xiàng)指"(機(jī)器等)制作精巧的" 或"(方法等)巧妙的",如an ingenious toy(制作精巧的玩具),an ingenious idea/lie(巧妙的主意/謊言);D項(xiàng)Intelligent指"(計(jì)算機(jī)部件工作性能)智能的",如an intelligent terminal (智能終端,即具有處理信息能力的終端)。故答案為B。
15.本題考查動(dòng)詞詞義的辨析。題目要求填入一個(gè)動(dòng)名詞與information搭配,說(shuō)明集成電路在IC 卡中的作用。IC卡,即智能卡,內(nèi)部的集成電路是儲(chǔ)存信息的,所以C項(xiàng)holding"容納,儲(chǔ)存,準(zhǔn)備著"正確。check information"核對(duì)信息", gather information"收集信息",accommodate information"整理信息",都不符合文意。故答案為C。
16.本題考查介詞的用法。解題難點(diǎn)在于理清空格所在句子的結(jié)構(gòu),該句子的主干為the company plans to introduce cards... __16__ train tickets and commuter passes,所填介詞與introduce搭配,A項(xiàng)as表方式,符合文意,introduce sth as sth(引入……作為……),原文意為"引入智能卡作為車票和定期券"。for表目的、用途,Introduce sth for sth意為"為……而引入、提出……",如introduce a topic for discussion(提出議題供討論);with表伴隨 ,introduce sth with sth意為"把……作為……的開(kāi)頭,用……引出……",如introduce a talk with an anecdote(說(shuō)一則軼聞作為講話的引子),均不符合文意。of表所屬,不直接跟introduce搭配。故答案為A。
17.本題考查句內(nèi)邏輯關(guān)系?崭裉幪钊氲慕樵~短語(yǔ)連接smart cards as train tickets and commuter passes(作為車票和定期券的智能卡)和the magnetic ones used today(現(xiàn)在使用的磁卡)。由于兩者是同一性質(zhì)的物質(zhì),因此排除表假設(shè)邏輯關(guān)系的A項(xiàng)but for"要不是"。此外,根據(jù)下文可知用智能卡比現(xiàn)在使用的磁卡系統(tǒng)成本要低,因此引用智能卡的目的是使它取代磁卡作車票和定期券,因此C instead of項(xiàng)"代替,而不是……"正確。B as well as項(xiàng)"也,又,和"表并列,D more than項(xiàng)"比……多"表比較。故答案為C。
18.本題考查形容詞的詞義辨析。填入的形容詞修飾pass。原文意為:把多種形式的票和券合為一張智能卡,B項(xiàng)"單一的,專一的",有把不同的東西統(tǒng)一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)或合為一體的意思,如a single scale of wages(單一工資等級(jí)),是正確選項(xiàng)。A項(xiàng)"獨(dú)一無(wú)二的,獨(dú)特的",強(qiáng)調(diào)獨(dú)特性,意為being the only one of its kind,如the unique human ability(人類獨(dú)有的能力);C項(xiàng)"整體的,統(tǒng)一的,不可分的",強(qiáng)調(diào)完整性,指relating to or existing as a single unit,如 a unitary policy of government(政府的統(tǒng)一政策);D項(xiàng)"惟一的,單獨(dú)的",強(qiáng)調(diào)某種情況下的惟一性,指there is one person, thing, or group in a particular situation and no others,如I was the only one who disagreed(我是惟一一個(gè)持不同意見(jiàn)的人)。故答案為B。
19.本題考查名詞詞義的辨析?崭裉钊氲拿~與for IC cards 搭配,與magnetic systems(磁系統(tǒng))作比較。首先排除D項(xiàng)examiners"主考者,檢查人",因?yàn)槿撕拖到y(tǒng)之間無(wú)法比較價(jià)格高低。A項(xiàng)"裝置,設(shè)備"、B項(xiàng)"工具,手段"的用法為device/instrument for doing sth,如a device for opening bottles(一個(gè)打開(kāi)瓶子的裝置);an instrument for writing(書寫工具)。所以C項(xiàng)readers正確,意為:IC卡或智能卡的讀卡機(jī)。故答案為C。
20.本題考查動(dòng)詞詞義的辨析。填入的動(dòng)詞,表達(dá)Increased use of IC cards(對(duì)IC卡使用的增加)對(duì) the space needed for ticket vending (售票需要的空間)的影響。根據(jù)上文可知道,IC卡的使用替代了傳統(tǒng)的車票和定期券,因此空格所在句子的含義是:IC卡使用的增加減少了售票所占的空間。關(guān)鍵看四個(gè)選項(xiàng)哪個(gè)與space搭配,符合文意。A項(xiàng)reduce"減少,縮小",用法較為廣泛,除表示數(shù)量、大小、價(jià)格等的減少外,還可以接表抽象含義的詞,如reduce the risk of detection(減少被發(fā)現(xiàn)的危險(xiǎn)),原文意為:對(duì)IC卡使用的增加將會(huì)減少售票占用的空間。B項(xiàng)narrow"使變狹窄,使縮小"與space搭配,指"使空間變得狹小",有"擁擠"的含義;C項(xiàng)dwarf指"(通過(guò)與大的事物比較)使顯得小",而實(shí)際大小沒(méi)有改變,如Most professional basketball players dwarf other men(大多數(shù)職業(yè)籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)員使別人顯得矮小);D項(xiàng)shrink意為"使事物本身縮小或萎縮",如shrink the markets for the exports(使出口市場(chǎng)萎縮),均不符合文意。故答案為A。
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