2009年國(guó)際貨運(yùn)代理貨代英語(yǔ)第七章講義
來(lái)源：網(wǎng)絡(luò)發(fā)布時(shí)間：2009-06-15 17:07:39
一、國(guó)際銷售交易中付款方式的介紹。
1-1 課文：In international sales transactions, different methods of payment are adopted, depending mainly upon the relationship between the seller and the buyer.
注釋：transaction: 交易，事務(wù)，處理 method: 方法 adopt: 采用，收養(yǎng) depend upon: 依賴，依靠(= depend on) relationship: 關(guān)系
課文意思：在國(guó)際銷售交易中，會(huì)采用不同的付款方式，這要依賴于賣方和買方之間關(guān)系。
1-2 課文: For example, if the seller and buyer know each other and have a long-standing business relationship, they may transact business on trust and the seller may periodically send invoices to the buyer for settlement.
注釋：for example: 例如 know: 了解，認(rèn)識(shí)，熟悉 each other:彼此，互相 long-standing: 長(zhǎng)期存在的 on trust : 不加考察，賒賬periodically: 周期性地，定時(shí)性地 invoice: 發(fā)票 settlement: 結(jié)算，解決
課文意思：例如，如果賣方和買方相互熟悉并且長(zhǎng)期存在業(yè)務(wù)合作關(guān)系，(在這種情況下)他們?cè)诓僮鳂I(yè)務(wù)上會(huì)采用賒賬的方式，賣方會(huì)定時(shí)地將發(fā)票提供給買方進(jìn)行結(jié)算。
1-3 課文：Payment may also be made by other methods such as “cash with order” when the buyer sends a cheque or a bank draft with his order, or by “documentary collection”， When the seller sends the relevant documents to his bank for release of payments by the buyer in the buyer’s country on the buyers’ acceptance or payment, as may be specified in the documents.
注釋：cash with order: 憑指示付款 cheque: 支票 bank draft: 銀行匯票 documentary collection: 跟單托收 relevant: 相關(guān)的，相應(yīng)的 document: 單證 release: 釋放，讓渡 acceptance: 接受，承諾 specify:指定，詳細(xì)說(shuō)明
課文意思：也可以通過(guò)其他方式付款，如“憑指示付款”，即買方寄出指示性支票或銀行匯票，買方根據(jù)賣方的指示來(lái)獲得現(xiàn)金，或者也可以用“跟單托收”，即一經(jīng)買方承兌或付款，賣方就按單匯要求把有關(guān)單匯送到自己開戶行，等待買方通過(guò)賣方所在國(guó)付款。
1-4 課文：But in many cases, the seller and the buyer do not know each other and located in countries thousands of miles apart. They are not in a position to conduct their commercial transactions on trust. The seller is reluctant to part with his goods unless he is assured of possession of the goods.
注釋：case: 情形，案例，場(chǎng)合 locate: 位于 mile:英里 apart: 分開，分離，分別地 in a position to: 能夠 conduct:管理，操作 commercial transaction: 貿(mào)易事務(wù)，商業(yè)交易 be reluctant to: 不愿意去做…，勉強(qiáng)去做… part with: 賣掉，放棄，喪失 be assured of: 確定… possession: 擁有，所有，占有，財(cái)產(chǎn)
課文意思：但是在很多情況下，買賣雙方都互不認(rèn)識(shí)，并且各自位于相隔幾千英里的國(guó)家。他們不能以賒賬的方式來(lái)操作他們的貿(mào)易交易。如果沒有確認(rèn)貨物的所有權(quán)，賣方不愿意賣掉貨物。
1-5 課文： In order to reconcile the conflicting interests of both the parties and to provide a mechanism for payment in such situations, the International Chamber of Commerce has evolved what is known as “Documentary Credit”.
注釋：in order to : 為了... reconcile: 使和解，使和諧，使順從 conflicting: 相沖突的，不一致的，相矛盾的 interest: 利益，利害 mechanism: 機(jī)制，機(jī)構(gòu) evolve: (使)發(fā)展 documentary credit: 跟單信用證
課文意思：為了平衡貿(mào)易雙方的利益，在這種情況下，國(guó)際商會(huì)提供并發(fā)展了“跟單信用證”這一付款機(jī)制。
1-6 課文：In simple terms, documentary credit means payment against documents instead of against goods. The documents transfer title to the goods.
注釋：in simple terms:簡(jiǎn)單的說(shuō) payment against documents：付款交單 instead of: 代替，而不是 transfer: 轉(zhuǎn)移，轉(zhuǎn)讓 title: 權(quán)利，物權(quán)
課文意思： 簡(jiǎn)單的說(shuō)，信用證的意思是付款交單而不是付款交貨。 使用單證將貨物的物權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)移。
二、UCP 跟單信用證統(tǒng)一慣例 (考試重點(diǎn))
2-1. 課文：The “Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits” (UCP) published by the International Chamber of Commerce contains detailed provisions dealing with the operation of documentary credit.
注釋： Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits: 跟單信用證統(tǒng)一慣例(簡(jiǎn)稱：UCP) publish: 發(fā)布，出版 International Chamber of Commerce: 國(guó)際商會(huì)(簡(jiǎn)稱：ICC) contain: 包含 provision: 條款，規(guī)定 deal with: 涉及，處理
課文意思：“跟單信用證統(tǒng)一慣例”是由國(guó)際商會(huì)頒布的，包含了涉及跟單信信用證操作的具體規(guī)定。
2-2 課文：It has been accepted and adopted by banks and banking associations throughout the world.
注釋：accept: 接受，承認(rèn) adopt: 采用，收養(yǎng) banking: 銀行業(yè) association: 協(xié)會(huì)，聯(lián)合 throughout the world: 全世界
課文意思：全世界的銀行和銀行協(xié)會(huì)都接受并采用了跟單信用證統(tǒng)一慣例。
2-3 課文：It has brought the UCP into line with established and foreseeable practices regarding containerized transport and trade facilitation, the use of electronic data processing and the development of new types of credit like deferred and stand-by credits.
注釋：bring… into line with…: 使…與…一致 established: 已制定的，確定的 foreseeable: 可預(yù)知的，能預(yù)測(cè)的，能看透的 practice: 實(shí)行，慣例，實(shí)踐 containerized: 用集裝箱裝的 facilitation: 簡(jiǎn)易化，助長(zhǎng) electronic data: 電子數(shù)據(jù) processing: 處理 deferred：延期的，緩召的(deferred credit: 延期付款信用證) stand-by credit: 背對(duì)背信用證
課文意思： 這使得跟單信用證統(tǒng)一慣例在各方面與已制定的和可預(yù)知的慣例相一致，比如關(guān)于集裝箱運(yùn)輸和貿(mào)易簡(jiǎn)易化，電子數(shù)據(jù)處理和新的類型信用證的發(fā)展，如延期付款信用證和背對(duì)背信用證。
2-4 課文：As the documentary credit is operated through banks, therefore, it has certain advantages to both the seller and buyer: for the seller, it is a bank undertaking to which he can look for payment; for the buyer, it is a conditional undertaking where payment can be made on his behalf only against the documents which will transfer to him the title to the goods.
注釋：through: 通過(guò) therefore: 因此，所以 certain: 確定的，某一個(gè)，無(wú)疑的，必然的 advantage: 優(yōu)勢(shì)，利益，有利條件 undertake:承擔(dān)，保證 look for: 尋找，期待 conditional: 有條件的
課文意思： 由于跟單信用證是通過(guò)銀行操作的，因此對(duì)于買賣雙方無(wú)疑都是有益的：
對(duì)于賣方：銀行承兌付款。(保證了賣方及時(shí)得到貨款)
對(duì)于買方：只要憑單付款銀行就可以將貨物的所有權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)交給買方。(保證了買方及時(shí)得到貨物)
三、跟單信用證的具體操作( 9個(gè)步驟) (考試重點(diǎn))
1. A local buyer agrees to buy goods from an overseas seller and under the sales contract, payment is to be made by banker’s letter of credit. 當(dāng)?shù)刭I方同意從海外賣方那里購(gòu)買合同項(xiàng)下的貨物，并在合同中規(guī)定使用信用證支付。(注釋：agree to:同意)
2.To fulfill the contract, the buyer arranges with his bank to open a letter of credit for his account in favor of the overseas seller . 履行合同，買方通知當(dāng)?shù)劂y行(開征行)為其賬戶開立以海外賣方為受益人的信用證。(注釋：fulfill: 履行 open a letter of credit: 開立信用證 account: 賬目 in favor of: 贊同，有利于，在這里引申為“以...為受益人” )
3.The buyer is not required to pay for the goods until the arrival of the relevant shipping documents. 買方不需要立即付款，直到相關(guān)的運(yùn)輸單據(jù)到達(dá)后付款。( be required to : 需要做…; arrival: 到達(dá))
4. The seller，on receipt of a letter of credit, will have to prepare shipment of the contract goods within the delivery date. 賣方，在收到信用證之后，必須在裝運(yùn)期內(nèi)安排合同項(xiàng)下貨物的備好裝船。(注釋：on receipt of: 收到…之后)
5. Once shipment of the goods is completed, the seller will be able to present all the documents to the negotiating bank for payment under the terms of the credit. 賣方一旦完成貨物裝運(yùn)后，按照信用證條款將所有運(yùn)輸單據(jù)提交給押證銀行(議付行)進(jìn)行議付。(注釋：completed: 完成的，全部的 be able to: 能夠 present：呈遞，遞交 negotiating bank: 議付行(押證銀行)
6. The negotiating bank should ensure that the seller’s documents are drawn up in accordance with the credit terms before such documents are paid for and forwarded to the issuing bank for final reimbursement. 議付行確保賣方擬呈的單據(jù)與信用證條款一致后，并在付款前將單據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)交給開證行進(jìn)行最終的付款。(注釋：ensure：確保，保證 draw up: 草擬 in accordance with: 與...一致，依照 forward: 轉(zhuǎn)遞，轉(zhuǎn)寄 issuing bank: 開征行 reimbursement: 付還，退還)
7. When the opening bank receives the negotiated documents it will make up a debit note showing the total cost due and request payment from the buyer. 當(dāng)開證行收到議付單據(jù)后，對(duì)買方發(fā)出列明所有應(yīng)付費(fèi)用的收款票要求買方付款。(注釋：opening bank: 開證行 negotiated: 議付的 make up:編制，編輯 debit note: 收款票，借方通知 due: 應(yīng)付的)
8.Once the buyer accepts that the documents are in compliance with the terms of the letter of credit he must settle the bill in order to obtain the shipping documents so that he will be able to take delivery of the goods from the carrier or its agent. 買方一旦接受與信用證條款相符的單據(jù)后，在支付款項(xiàng)并獲得裝運(yùn)單據(jù)后，從承運(yùn)人或其代理那里憑單據(jù)提取貨物。(注釋：in compliance with: 符合，順從 settle：結(jié)清，付還 bill: 賬單，票據(jù)，清單 obtain: 獲得)
9.On settlement of the bill, the whole operation of documentary credit will be regarded as completed. 在付款后，即完成了跟單信用證的整個(gè)操作。(注釋：whole: 整個(gè)的，完全的 completed: 完成的，完全的)
四、課后習(xí)題
4-1 單選題
1.Documentary credit means payment against ( )
A. goods
B. documents
C. acceptance
D. shipment
答案：B
2. All the letter of credit are operated by ( )
A. Buyers
B. Sellers
C. Banks
D. commission agents
答案：C
3.Under L/C, the buyer will pay for the goods until the arrival of the ( )
A. goods
B. relevant shipping documents
C. notice
D. confirmation
答案：B
4. The UCP contains the detailed provisions regarding ( )
A. the operation of contract
B. operation of documentary credit
C. international trade practice
D. marine transportation
答案：B
4-2 多選題
1.The documentary credit is advantage to ( )
A. Sellers
B. Buyers
C. Banks
D. freight forwarders
答案：AB
2. Under L/C payment terms, the beneficiary will receive payment from the negotiating bank on presenting of the shipping documents listed in the credit, these documents may include: ( )
A. Bill of Lading
B. Bill of exchange
C. Commercial invoice
D. Insurance policy
答案：ACD
3.The seller, upon receipt of the letter of credit, will have to: ( )
A. prepare shipment within the delivery date
B. draws up relevant documents according to L/C and present to bank for payment
C. inform the buyer to make payment
D. inform the buyer that the goods are ready
答案：AB
4-3 英漢互譯
1.英譯漢
1)straight bill of lading 2) order bill of lading 3) clean bill of lading 4) bank draft 5) negotiating bank 6) blank bill of lading 7) irrevocable letter of credit 8) documentary collection 9) methods of payment 10) International Chamber of Commerce
答案：1)記名提單2)指示提單 3)清潔提單 4)銀行匯票 5)押證銀行 6)不記名提單 7)不可撤銷信用證 8)跟單托收 9)付款方式 10)國(guó)際商會(huì)
2.漢譯英
1)跟單信用證 2)憑指示付款 3)開證行 4)跟單信用證統(tǒng)一慣例 5)付款交單 6)直達(dá)提單 7)延期信用證 8)背對(duì)背信用證 9)船運(yùn)單據(jù) 10)貨物所有權(quán)
答案：1)documentary credit 2) cash with order 3) issuing bank 4) Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits 5) payment against documents 6) direct bill of lading 7) deferred letter of credit 8) stand-by letter of credit 9) shipping documents 10) title to the goods。
