國際商務(wù)師業(yè)務(wù)外語輔導(dǎo)之FinancialStatements財務(wù)報告
來源：來源于網(wǎng)絡(luò)發(fā)布時間：2010-03-08 16:02:34
A financial statement is a written record of the financial condition of a company for its fiscal year. It consists of a balance sheet and an income statement (also called a profit and loss statement or “P&L”). A balance sheet is a snapshot of the financial affairs of a company at a given point in time, unlike a P&L which shows the results of operations over a period of time. It lists the assets of the company on the left side and liabilities on the right side. When a company is solvent its assets exceed its liabilities, and that figure, called the net worth of the company, also appears on the right side of a balance sheet. The basic components of a P&L statement are money received from sales and other sources along with the amount paid out for expenses, taxes, and other costs. The difference between the two is called the “bottom line.” If there is more income than expense, the bottom line is profit, if not, there is a loss.
一份財務(wù)報告是公司在一個財務(wù)年度中關(guān)于財務(wù)狀況的書面記錄。它包括資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表和收益表（也被稱作損益表）。資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表是對公司在某一特定時刻上財務(wù)的大體狀況，而損益表展示了公司在一段時間內(nèi)的運營成果。資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表的左側(cè)列出公司的資產(chǎn)，右側(cè)為負(fù)債。當(dāng)公司的資產(chǎn)大于負(fù)債則具備償債能力，兩者的差額稱作公司凈值，也被列在資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表的右側(cè)。損益表的基礎(chǔ)組成部分是已到貨款和其他收益并帶有付出的費用，稅金和其他成本。兩者的區(qū)別被 稱作"底線"。如果收益大于費用，底線是利潤，如果相反，那就是虧損。
