2017年高考英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)項(xiàng)練習(xí)題型及答案(2)

 　　>>>>2017年高考英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)項(xiàng)練習(xí)題型及答案匯總

　　(一) 當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞、不可數(shù)名詞、(疑問(wèn)詞+)to do結(jié)構(gòu)、動(dòng)詞-ing形式、主語(yǔ)從句、復(fù)合不定代詞、表單位數(shù)量的時(shí)間、距離、金錢(qián)、重量、復(fù)數(shù)形式的學(xué)科名詞(physics, politics)、國(guó)家或組織名稱(chēng)(the United States, the United Nations)等，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)。

　　提示：what引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句所指的具體內(nèi)容是復(fù)數(shù)意義時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 (如：What we need are good doctors.　我們需要的是好醫(yī)生。)

　　如果強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)目，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如：More than twenty years have passed since we graduated. 我們畢業(yè)后已經(jīng)過(guò)了二十多年。

　　【考例1】

　　All the scientific evidence _____ that increasing use of chemicals in farming _____ damaging our health. (2012湖南)

　　A. show; are B. shows; are

　　C. show; is D. shows; is

　　解析：D。evidence與use在句中均為不可數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。

　　【考例2】

　　Walmart, which is one of the largest American supermarket chains, _____ some of its stores open 24 hours on Mondays through Saturdays. (2012安徽)

　　A. keeps B. keep

　　C. have kept D. had kept

　　解析：A。Walmart屬于專(zhuān)有名詞，謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式。

　　(二) 在“名詞/代詞+介賓結(jié)構(gòu)+謂語(yǔ)+……”結(jié)構(gòu)中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與名詞/代詞保持一致，介賓結(jié)構(gòu)看作修飾成分。該結(jié)構(gòu)中的常見(jiàn)介詞及短語(yǔ)介詞有with/together with/along with/as well as/like/rather than/but/except/besides / including / in addition to等。

　　【考例】

　　The famous musician, as well as his students, _____ to perform at the opening ceremony of the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo. (2013福建)

　　A. were invited B. was invited

　　C. have been invited D. has been invited

　　解析：B。主語(yǔ)為T(mén)he famous musician，as well as…起修飾作用，根據(jù)2012 Taipei Flower Expo可知，描述的是過(guò)去的事，因此用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。

　　(三) “all/a lot/plenty/part/the rest/most /分?jǐn)?shù)/百分?jǐn)?shù)+of+名詞/代詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)形式一般取決于of后的名詞或代詞的數(shù)。表示復(fù)數(shù)概念用復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞，表示單數(shù)概念用單數(shù)動(dòng)詞。

　　【考例1】

　　The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials, the rest of which _____ saved for other purposes. (2011安徽)

　　A. is B. are C. was D. were

　　解析：D。which指代前面的the raw materials，為復(fù)數(shù)形式，因此謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。本句描述過(guò)去的事情，因此應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。

　　【考例2】

　　One-third of the country _____ covered with trees and the majority of the citizens _____ black people. (2011湖南)

　　A. is; are B. is; is

　　C. are; are D. are; is

　　解析： A。the majority of+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

　　(四)a number of/an average of/a total of等+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式;而the number of/the average of/the total of等+名詞構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式;

　　“a great(large)/small number of，many，a few，few, a good(great) many, dozens of, scores of+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)”結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)。

　　a little， little, much， a great deal of， a large amount of一般只修飾不可數(shù)名詞，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。(如：A great deal of petrol is wasted. )

　　【考例1】

　　The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities _____ rising steadily since 1990. (2009山東)

　　A. is B. are

　　C. has been D. have been

　　解析：C。本句的主語(yǔ)為T(mén)he number of…結(jié)構(gòu)。

　　【考例2】

　　Nowadays, a large number of women, especially those from the countryside, ____ in the clothing industry. (2005遼寧)

　　A. is working B. works

　　C. work D. worked

　　解析：C。句中a large number of…作主語(yǔ)，意為“大量的……”。

　　(五)“one of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)形式。但“one of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)后接定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式;而在“the only/ right/ very one of+名詞+關(guān)系代詞+從句謂語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)中，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。

　　【考例1】

　　Barbara is easy to recognize as she’s the only one of the women who ____ evening dress. (2010全國(guó)Ⅱ)

　　A. wear B. wears

　　C. has worn D. have worn

　　解析：B。從句先行詞為the only one of the women，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。

　　【考例2】

　　At present, one of the arguments in favor of the new airport ____ that it will bring a lot of jobs to the area. (2009江西)

　　A. is B. are C. will be D. was

　　解析：A。該句是one of...結(jié)構(gòu)充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)。

　　(六) pairs of/amounts of/quantities of...等構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式; a pair of(表示一雙，一條時(shí))/an amount of / a series of構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)形式。

　　【考例1】

　　— Why does the lake smell terrible?

　　— Because large quantities of water _____. (2009福建)

　　A. have polluted B. is being polluted

　　C. has been polluted D. have been polluted

　　解析： D。該句是quantities of構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)，所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

　　【考例2】

　　As a result of destroying the forests, a large ____ of desert ____ covered the land. (2001上海)

　　A. number; has B. quantity; has

　　C. number; have D. quantity; have

　　解析：B。 a number of后通常接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，該句desert是不可數(shù)名詞, a large quantity of后面接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞;a quantity of后面加的desert為不可數(shù)名詞，所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。

　　(七) and連接并列主語(yǔ)表示同一概念時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，表示不同概念時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

　　【考例1】

　　A poet and artist _____ coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon. (2006江蘇)

　　A. is B. are C. was D. were

　　解析：A。句意：一位詩(shī)人兼藝術(shù)家明天下午要給我們做關(guān)于中國(guó)文學(xué)和繪畫(huà)的報(bào)告。該題由and連接兩個(gè)名詞作主語(yǔ)，但第二個(gè)名詞前沒(méi)有冠詞，因此指的是同一人，故謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式。注意：由and連接的兩個(gè)帶冠詞單數(shù)名詞，表示復(fù)數(shù)概念時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如： The tenth and the last chapter were written by his father.

　　【考例2】

　　Professor James will give us a lecture on the Western culture, but when and where _____ yet. (2007浙江)

　　A. hasn’t been decided B. haven’t decided

　　C. isn’t being decided D. aren’t decided

　　解析：A。 when and where指的是“做講座的時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)”這一個(gè)概念，可用單數(shù)形式。由yet可知應(yīng)用完成時(shí)態(tài)。

　　【注意】如表示不同的概念，則要用復(fù)數(shù)。如：When they will start and where they will go have not been decided yet.

　　(八) cattle/police/people/clothes/goods以及復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

　　(九)單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常根據(jù)句意來(lái)確定。常見(jiàn)的這類(lèi)詞有deer / fish / means / sheep / species / works等。如： All means have been tried. 各種手段都試過(guò)了。 One means is still to be tried. 還有一種手段尚待一試。

　　(十)主語(yǔ)是集合名詞family / government / public / audience等，表示強(qiáng)調(diào)整體時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，如強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。

　　考點(diǎn)二、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式與鄰近的名詞一致

　　(一) either…or…/neither…nor…/not only…but also…/not…but…/or等連接并列主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)由最靠近它的主語(yǔ)決定;

　　(二)在倒裝句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)由其后面的主語(yǔ)決定。

　　【考例1】

　　Either you or one of your students ____ to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow. (2009湖南)

　　A. are B. is C. have D. be

　　解析：B。該句主語(yǔ)由either…or…連接，根據(jù)就近一致原則，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與one of your students保持一致。

　　【考例2】

　　—Is everyone here?

　　—Not yet... Look, there _____ the rest of our guests! (2010江蘇)

　　A. come B. comes

　　C. is coming D. are coming

　　解析：A。 此倒裝句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)由其后面的主語(yǔ)the rest of our guests決定。 D項(xiàng)形式為“進(jìn)行”，實(shí)際表示“將來(lái)”，不符合題意。

　　考點(diǎn)三、常見(jiàn)固定格式的主語(yǔ)

　　(一) 由each...and (each)..., every...and (every)..., many a ...and (many a )..., no... and (no)...等結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如：

　　【考例】

　　— Did you go to the show last night?

　　— Yeah. Every boy and girl in the area ____invited. (2008陜西)

　　A. were B. have been

　　C. has been D. was

　　解析：D。 and連接并列名詞并且被every等修飾時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。該句描述過(guò)去的事情，所以用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。

　　(二) many a(n)+單數(shù)名詞及more than one+單數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù);而more+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+than+one作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù);one or two +復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式; a + 單數(shù)名詞 + or two作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。

　　如： One or two reasons were suggested. 提出了一兩條理由。 A day or two is enough. 一兩天就夠了。

　　【考例】

　　It is reported that many a new house ____ at present in the disaster area. (2010陜西)

　　A. are being built B. were being built

　　C. was being built D. is being built

　　解析：D。many a修飾主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。再根據(jù)at present可知“正在被修建”，應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。

　　(責(zé)任編輯：盧雁明)

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