[參考譯文] 當然,例外是存在的。在美國,心胸狹窄的官員,粗魯?shù)氖陶,和沒有禮貌的出租車司機也并不少見。然而人們常常得出這樣的觀察意見,這使得它值得被討論一下。
[結構剖析] 第一個句子使用了 there be 句型,其中 of course 是插入語。第二句是主語+系動詞+表語結構。第三句話中使用了 so…… that 結構:其中 made so frequently 是過去分詞作定語,修飾前面的 observation。
[閱讀重點] 第一句中的 of course 作插入語,用逗號與句子的其它部分分開,在開始閱讀的時候可以不看。注意第二句話中使用了雙重否定表示肯定:hardly unknown 等于pretty well-known。另外注意 so…that 結構的用法:太……以至于。另外 observation 這里的意思是因觀察而得出的意見。另外 it deserves comment 中的 it 指代前面的 observation。
2、Someone traveling alone, if hungry, injured, or ill, often had nowhere to turn exce to the nearest cabin or settlement.
[參考譯文] 一個人獨自旅行的時候,如果餓了,受傷了或生病了,除了比較近的小屋或者村落就無處可以投靠了。
[結構剖析] 這是一個簡單句。traveling alone 是現(xiàn)在分詞作定語修飾前面的 someone, if hungry, injured, or ill… 實際上是簡略的 if 引導的狀語從句,相當于 if (he is) hungry, injured, or ill,這里作插入成分。另外 have sth.+動詞不定式 這一結構中的動詞不定式通常是相當于定語部分,修飾前面的 sth.,這里就是:沒有可以投靠(to turn to/動詞不定式)的地方(nowhere/sth.)。
[閱讀重點] 注意 turn to 這里的引申含義是投靠、求助于、求教于的意思。
3、It was not a matter of choice for the traveler or merely a charitable impulse on the part of the settlers.
[參考譯文] 對于旅行者來說,這不是一個可以有多個選擇的問題,對于村落里的定居者來說,這也不僅僅是一個發(fā)善心的沖動行為。
[結構剖析] 句子的主干 It was not a matter of choice…or merely a charitable impulse…是主語+系動詞+表語結構。表語由并列的兩部分組成,由 or 來連接。
[閱讀重點] on the part of 相當于前面的 for,意思是在……方面、對……而言。
語言點詳解
1. courteous 有禮貌的
[大綱詞匯] courtesy n.謙恭有禮,有禮貌的舉止(或言詞)
[衍生詞匯] courteous a.謙恭有禮的,殷勤的
[經典例句] His boss is genuinely courteous to his subordinates.
2. to be fair 公平地說
[經典例句] To be fair,his success owes much to his wife's help.
3. exception 特例
[大綱詞匯] exception n.例外,除外 with the exception of 除……之外
[經典例句] His brothers are all very tall,but he is an exception.
4. small-minded 心胸狹窄的
[擴充詞匯] small-minded a.心胸狹隘的,眼界小的;固執(zhí)己見的
[聯(lián)想記憶] far-sighted a.有遠見的 clear-headed a.頭腦清楚的
5. ill-mannered 無禮的
[擴充詞匯] ill-mannered a.無禮的,舉止粗魯?shù)?br />
6. be hardly known 幾乎無人知道
[經典例句] The truth of the incident was hardly know to anyone.
7. break 中止
[大綱詞匯] break n.打斷,中止;中間休息
[經典例句] We have a study break of four days every semester.
8. otherwise 不然
[大綱詞匯] otherwise ad.另樣地,用別的方法;在其他方面;conj.要不然,否則
[經典例句] He reminded me what I should have otherwise forgotten.
9. existence 生活
[大綱詞匯] existence n.存在,實在;生存,生活(方式)
[經典例句] They are working for a better existence.
10. live distant from 住得離…很遠
[經典例句] He lives distant from his other relatives.
11. diversion 消遣
[大綱詞匯] diversion n.轉向,轉移
[擴充詞義] diversion n.消遣,娛樂
[經典例句] Big cities have a lot of diversions.
12. harsh 嚴酷的
[擴充詞匯] harsh a.粗糙的,難聽的,嚴厲的,嚴酷的 harshness n.粗糙,嚴酷,嚴厲
[經典例句] Their adaptiveness came from coping with harsh conditions.
13. the frontier(美國)靠近未開發(fā)地區(qū)的已開發(fā)地區(qū)
[大綱詞匯] frontier n.國境,邊境;尖端,新領域
14. hospitality 好客
[大綱詞匯] hospitality n.好客,殷勤,款待
[衍生詞匯] hospitable a.好客的,殷勤的
[經典例句] We were deeply moved by the hospitality of the farmers.
15. settlement 定居點
[大綱詞匯] settlement n.解決,決定,調停;居留區(qū),住宅區(qū)
[經典例句] Israelis and Palestinians have serious disputes over Israeli new settlements.
16. injured 受傷的
[大綱詞匯] injure v.損害,傷害,損傷
[衍生詞匯] injured a.受損害的,受傷的
[經典例句] He found his injured finger caused a lot of trouble.
17. charitable 樂善好施的
[大綱詞匯] charity n.慈善(團體),仁慈,施舍
[衍生詞匯] charitable a.慈悲的,仁愛的,慷慨施舍的
[經典例句] He always takes part in charitable activities.
18. impulse 沖動
[大綱詞匯] impulse v.推動; n.推動;沖動,刺激
[經典例句] She tried to repress the impulse to dial his number.
19. on the part of 就…而言;在…一邊
[經典例句] He expressed appreciation on the part of his classmates.
20. take in 收留
[大綱詞匯] take in 接受,吸收;了解,理解;欺騙
[經典例句] Andy took in a stray dog.
21. take care of 照料
[大綱詞匯] take care of 照料,照顧;承擔,處理,負責
[經典例句] He asked his girl friend to take care of his dog while he went away for business.
22. specialize in 專門從事
[經典例句] The company specialize in car manufacture.
23. weary 疲倦的
[大綱詞匯] weary a.疲倦的;令人厭煩的;v.使疲倦,使厭倦
[經典例句] The pilot was extremely weary with the long time flying.
24. travel through 經過
[經典例句] I was travelling through when I saw the accident.
25. amazing 令人驚訝的
[大綱詞匯] amaze v.使驚奇,使驚愕,使驚嘆 amazing a.令人驚訝的
[經典例句] The acrobatic show was amazing to all of us.
26. superficial 表面的
[大綱詞匯] superficial a.表面的,膚淺的,淺薄的
[經典例句] We were not satisfied with the superficial explanation of the incident.
27. artificial 矯揉造作的
[大綱詞匯] artificial a.人工的,人造的;認為的,矯揉造作的
[經典例句] She was wearing an artificial smile when appearing at the door.
28. the result of ……的結果
[大綱詞匯] result n.結果,成果,成績v.(in)導致,結果是;(from)起因于,因…而造成 as a result 結果,因此 as a result of 由于……的結果
[經典例句] We regard our failure as the result of his carelessness.
29. a set of 一套
[經典例句] We expect that a set of rules and regulations will be drawn up.
30. convention 習俗
[大綱詞匯] convention n.大會,會議;慣例,常規(guī),習俗;公約,協(xié)定
[經典例句] Convention now permits women to wear more colorful clothing.
31. underlie 潛存于…之下
[大綱詞匯] underlying a.含蓄的,潛在的;在下面的
[衍生詞匯] underlie v.引起,潛存于…之下
[經典例句] Many facts underlay my decision.
32. interrelationship 互相之間的關系
[構詞方法] inter-前綴,表示互相,在…之間
[聯(lián)想記憶] interact v.互相作用 interdependent a.互相依賴的
33. draw conclusion 下結論
[經典例句] He drew the final conclusion through careful analysis.
34. distinguish 分辨
[大綱詞匯] distinguish v.(from)區(qū)分,辨別;辨認出;使杰出
[經典例句] It is very hard to distinguish the two colors.
35. keep up 保持
[大綱詞匯] keep up 保持,維持;繼續(xù)進行,堅持
[經典例句] The lady always keep up her genuine warmth to people.
全文翻譯
去美國訪問的人經常帶回報告說,大多數(shù)美國人對他們友善、好客、樂于助人。公正的說,人們對加拿大人也有這樣的評論,因而,應當認為這是北美普遍的現(xiàn)象。當然也有例外。在美國,心胸狹隘的官員,舉止粗魯?shù)恼写秃翢o禮貌的出租車司機也并非罕見。盡管有不如意的地方,但因為人們常常得出美國人好客的觀察意見,因而也就值得議論一番了。
過去很長一段時間,在美國很多地方,旅行者的到來因暫時打破原本的單調生活而受人歡迎。無聊、孤獨是居住相對遙遠的家庭的普遍問題。陌生人和旅行者很受歡迎,他們帶來了娛樂消遣,還帶來了外面世界的消息。
開拓者的嚴酷生活現(xiàn)實也促成了這一好客的傳統(tǒng)。單獨旅行時,如果挨餓、受傷或生病,通常只能向比較近的小屋或村落求助。對旅行者來說,這不是一個選擇的問題;而對當?shù)鼐用駚碚f,這也并非是行善的一時沖動。它反映了日常生活的嚴酷:如果你不收留他,那他便無處求助了。請記住,有一天你也可能處于相同的境遇。
如今,有了很多的慈善組織專門幫助疲憊的旅行者。不過,熱情接待陌生人的傳統(tǒng)在美國仍然很盛行,尤其是在遠離旅游熱線的小城鎮(zhèn)。我只是路過,和這個美國人聊了聊。很快,他就請我到他家吃飯-這真令人驚奇。來美國的旅客談論此類事件很普遍,但并非總能得到正確理解。很多美國人不經意表現(xiàn)的友好不應被看做是表面或虛假的應酬,而應該看成是文化傳統(tǒng)的歷史發(fā)展結果。
同任何發(fā)達國家一樣,一系列復雜的文化特征,信念和習俗構成了美國所有社會交往的基礎。當然,會講一種語言并不意味著就理解該語言的社會和文化模式。不能正確詮釋文化含義的旅行者往往得出錯誤的結論。例如,美國人所說的朋友一詞,其文化含義可能與旅行者語言和文化中的朋友大相徑庭。要想正確區(qū)分禮貌是出于文化習俗還是個人興趣,單憑一次公共汽車上的偶遇是不夠的。不過,友好是很多美國人推崇的美德,同時希望鄰居和陌生人也能如此。
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