1. One such novel idea is that (idea) of inserting into the chromosomes of plants discrete genes that are not a part of the plants’ natural constitution:specifically,the idea of inserting into nonleguminous plants the genes,if they can be identified and isolated,that fit the leguminous plants to be hosts for nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Hence,(there is ) the intensified research on legumes.
此句比較好能夠熟讀,更好的是背誦下來(lái)。(復(fù)雜修飾+插入+省略+倒裝)
這其中的一個(gè)新穎思想就是,在植物的染色體(chromosome)內(nèi)注入并非是該植物自然構(gòu)造一個(gè)部分的那些不相關(guān)聯(lián)的因基:具體而言,這一思想是,在非豆科植物內(nèi)注入這樣一些基因,倘若這些基因可被辨識(shí)出來(lái)并被分離開(kāi)來(lái),而這些基因業(yè)已使豆科植物宜于充當(dāng)那些具備固氮作用的細(xì)菌的寄主。由此,對(duì)豆科植物的研究日趨深入。
難句類(lèi)型:復(fù)雜修飾、插入語(yǔ)、倒裝、省略
解釋?zhuān)罕揪涞碾y度以倒裝為主,復(fù)雜為輔;然而二者相互借力,難度更大,而且本句中有兩個(gè)省略,就更令讀者頭痛。
句子一開(kāi)始的One such novel idea is that of 之中的that of, 是that idea of 的省略形式。此外容易理解,后面開(kāi)始變難。Inserting into the chromosomes of plants discrete genes(that are not a part of the plants' natureal consttution)看上去不舒服的原因,是作者在此用了一個(gè)便裝;正常語(yǔ)序應(yīng)該是:inserting discrete genes(that are not a part of the plants' natureal constitution) into the chromosomes of plants, 即把非此植物的genes插入到該植物中。之所以倒裝,是因?yàn)閐iscrete genes加上復(fù)雜修飾的成分以后太長(zhǎng)之故。同樣,后面的the idea of inserting into nonleguminous plants the genes, if they can be identifyied and isolated, that fit the leguminous plants to be hosts for nitrogen-fixing bacteria一句,正常的語(yǔ)序也是the idea of inserting the genes, if they can be identifyied and isolated, that fit the leguminous plants to be hosts for nitro-fixing bacteria into nonleguminous plants,即把便利豆科植物成為固氮菌的寄主的基因(如果它們能夠被找到并分離出來(lái)的話(huà))插入到非豆科植物的基因中去。這一回。Genes之后不但有定語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)雜修飾,而且在genes和that從句之間還有一個(gè)不短的插入語(yǔ),增加了閱讀難度。
比較后的一句話(huà),Hence, the intensified research on legumes, 其實(shí)也不是一句話(huà),只是一個(gè)詞:research。作者省略了there is ,其實(shí)引處即便看不清語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu),作者的意思還是可以懂的。因此,筆者在前面強(qiáng)調(diào)的“如果可以看懂意思,不必去分析語(yǔ)法”,在實(shí)戰(zhàn)的應(yīng)用中有其意義;GRE和GMAT中很多表達(dá)其實(shí)不嚴(yán)格遵守語(yǔ)法,或者有考生不懂的語(yǔ)法,讀者處心積慮地研究它們,不但沒(méi)有實(shí)戰(zhàn)意義,而且還令讀者徒增煩惱。
本句是GRE和GMAT考試中集各種語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象之大成者,包括了幾乎所有的難句類(lèi)型,希望讀者一定把這句話(huà)讀熟;有心者比較好能把它背熟,一定對(duì)提高你的閱讀能力有好處。
意群訓(xùn)練:One such novel idea is that (idea) of inserting into the chromosomes of plants discrete genes that are not a part of the plants’ natural constitution:specifically,the idea of inserting into nonleguminous plants the genes,if they can be identified and isolated,that fit the leguminous plants to be hosts for nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Hence,(there is ) the intensified research on legumes.
2. It is one of nature’s great ironies that the availability of nitrogen in the soil frequently sets an upper limit on plant growth even though the plants’ leaves are bathed in a sea of nitrogen gas.
下述情形真可謂是自然界的一個(gè)莫大諷刺:土壤中所能獲得的氮肥量往往對(duì)植物的生長(zhǎng)構(gòu)成了一個(gè)上限,雖然植物的葉子被沐浴在一片氮?dú)獾暮Q笾小?
難句類(lèi)型:復(fù)雜修飾
解釋?zhuān)篒t是形式主語(yǔ),其真正的內(nèi)容是that之后的由even though連接的兩個(gè)句子。其實(shí)本句的真正難度倒不在于句子的結(jié)構(gòu),而是對(duì)于其意思的理解:尤其是文科同學(xué),可能缺乏必要的背景知識(shí),就更不容易讀懂。句中的set an upper limit on plant growth直譯為”給植物的生成設(shè)立一個(gè)上限”,其真正的意思是“限制了植物的生長(zhǎng)”;因此the availability of nitrogen in the soil frequently sets an upper limit on plant growth之中的availability一定指的是氮的供給之少。整句話(huà)的意思是,土壤中的氮植物能夠利用,卻太少;而空氣中雖有大量的氮,植物卻不能利用,這豈不是自然界開(kāi)的一個(gè)大玩笑。
意群訓(xùn)練:It is one of nature’s great ironies that the availability of nitrogen in the soil frequently sets an upper limit on plant growth even though the plants’ leaves are bathed in a sea of nitrogen gas.
結(jié)束
特別聲明:①凡本網(wǎng)注明稿件來(lái)源為"原創(chuàng)"的,轉(zhuǎn)載必須注明"稿件來(lái)源:育路網(wǎng)",違者將依法追究責(zé)任;
②部分稿件來(lái)源于網(wǎng)絡(luò),如有侵權(quán),請(qǐng)聯(lián)系我們溝通解決。