Text 1

    Get ready for the second act of the grand drama we call globalization. The 1980’s opened with a massive manufacturing migration from industrialized countries to the Third World that accelerates to this day. This decade is witnessing a second huge shift, this time in services, with white-collar professional jobs following the same blue-collar migratory routes to Asia and elsewhere.

    We believe that the latest iteration(=repetition) in the evolution of the global economy will generate more growth for everyone over time as countries focus their abilities on doing what they do best. But the adjustment may well be painful for those middle-class Americans and Europeans who see their jobs in software writing, chip design, architecture, and accounting move to India, China, Israel, Russia, and the Philippines. If the migration of services is not intervened in by good growth-promoting government policy, there is a serious risk that the anti-globalization forces will gain an army of jobless white-collar recruits.

    The dimensions of service shift are only just beginning to come into focus. We can discern the trend but not the strength or size of the move. The collapse of the tech bubble and the weak recovery are leading a growing number of U.S. bank, insurance, credit card, accounting, investment banking, high-tech, engineering, and design companies to outsource white-collar work.

    This is likely to prove to be more than just a cyclical phenomenon. The Internet, digitization, the spread of white-collar skills abroad, and the big cost savings of outsourcing will probably make the shift of services a permanent feature of economic life. The good news is that flinging off of commodity-like service work will increase the profits and efficiency of American corporations and set the stage for the next big growth-generating breakthrough. Innovation is the driving force of the U.S. economy, not mass production of low-value goods or services. The painful loss of manufacturing in the 1970s and 1980s paved the way to the high-tech gains of the 1990s. The same forces are at work today.

    For their part, India, China, and other countries are gaining large numbers of well-paying jobs, expanding the middle class, and reducing poverty. As a result, China is emerging as a locomotive to world growth. American exports to China in November 2003 were up 30% year-over-year at an annual rate of $24 billion, matching what the U.S. exports to France.

    The U.S. must act without hesitation. It should do what it has done in the past – move up the value-added ladder to create new products and services. That means promoting better education, completing the job of reforming the capital market, and reducing business and investor risk at home and abroad. If it can restart the growth engine, the U.S. has nothing to fear from the great white-collar migration. If it doesn’t, there may be serious trouble ahead. (468 words)

    Notes: migration n. 遷移。may well 很可能。intervene in 干預(yù)。come into focus (=become clearly seen) 變得清晰、明確或?qū)��?zhǔn)焦點(diǎn)。outsource使…源源不斷流出；把…外包。 fling off脫掉，甩掉，逃脫。set the stage for為…準(zhǔn)備條件。

    1. Globalization of the current decade proves to be __________.

    A. a dramatic event resulting in serious economic problems B. a massive transfer of manual workers from West to East

    B. identical to the previous movement in scale and value D. sending upscale jobs off the highly-developed countries

    2. The white-collar migration may lead to __________.

    A. rapid progress in manufacturing industry B. sufferings for U.S. technical professionals

    C. great advances in information technology D. forceful intervention by the government

    3. In consequence of the burst of the tech bubble, many companies are __________.

    A. shifting well-paying jobs to the developing countries B. exporting well-trained and experienced workers

    C. exhausting the sources of service-job supply D. undermining the healthy basis of employment

    4. The move of services may be beneficial to developed countries, for it __________.

    A. throws off the heavy burden of service duties B. prevents the production of low-value goods

    C. makes conditions ready for new breakthroughs D. drives corporations to pursue the biggest profits

    5. In order to get over the difficulties caused by service shift, __________.

    A. developed countries have to check their exports B. the U.S. should act as it did during the last shift

    C. the middle class must receive further education

    Text 2

    Human relations have commanded people’s attention from early times. The ways of people have been recorded in innumerable myths, folktales, novels, poems, plays, and popular or philosophical essays. Although the full significance of a human relationship may not be directly evident, the complexity of feelings and actions that can be understood at a glance is surprisingly great. For this reason psychology holds a unique position among the sciences.

    “Intuitive” knowledge may be remarkably penetrating and can significantly help us understand human behavior whereas in the physical sciences such commonsense knowledge is relatively primitive. If we erased all knowledge of scientific physics from our world, not only would we not have cars and television sets, we might even find that the ordinary person was unable to cope with the fundamental mechanical problems of pulleys and levers. On the other hand, if we removed all knowledge of scientific psychology from our world, problems in interpersonal relations might easily be coped with and solved much as before. We would still “know” how to avoid doing something asked of us and how to get someone to agree with us; we would still “know” when someone was angry and when someone was pleased. One could even offer sensible explanations for the “whys” of much of the self’s behavior and feelings. In other words, the ordinary person has a great and profound understanding of the self and of other people which, though unformulated or only vaguely conceived, enables one to interact with others in more or less adaptive ways. Kohler in referring to the lack of great discoveries in psychology as compared with physics, accounts for this by saying that “people were acquainted with practically all territories of mental life a long time before the founding of scientific psychology.”

    Paradoxically, with all this natural, intuitive, commonsense capacity to grasp human relations, the science of human relations had been one of the last to develop. Different explanations of this paradox have been suggested. One is that science would destroy the vain and pleasing illusions people have about themselves; but we might ask why people have always loved to read pessimistic, debunking writings, from Ecclesiastes to Freud. It has also been proposed that just because we know so much about people intuitively, there has been less incentive for studying them scientifically: why should one develop a theory, carry out systematic observations, or make predictions about the obvious? In any case, the field of human relations, with its vast literary documentation but meager scientific treatment, is in great contrast to the field of physics in which there are relatively few nonscientific books. (435 words)

    注：command vt. 博得；命令。account for 解釋,說(shuō)明。paradoxically反常的是。illusion 幻想。debunking暴露真相的。 Ecclesiastes 圣經(jīng)傳道書(shū)。Freud 弗洛伊德(譖意識(shí)論)。incentive刺激，激勵(lì)。meager 貧乏的。scientific treatment科學(xué)闡述。

    1. The author’s statement that “psychology holds a unique position among the sciences” (line 4) is supported by the claim that ______________.

    A. the full meaning of a human relationship may not be obvious

    B. commonsense understanding of human relations can be clear and precise

    C. intuitive knowledge in the physical sciences is relatively advanced

    D. subjective bias is difficult to control in psychological research

    2. It can be inferred that when it comes to people who lived before the coming of scientific psychology, the author would most likely agree that _______________.

    A. their understanding of human relations was quite limited

    B. they were uninterested in acquiring knowledge of the physical world

    C. they misunderstood others more frequently than do people today

    D. their intuitions about human relations were reasonably sophisticated

    3. The author refers to people who are attracted to “pessimistic, debunking writing “ (line 4, the last paragraph) in order to support the idea that ______________.

    A. interesting books about human relations are typically pessimistic

    B. people tend to ignore scientific explanations of human relations

    C. people rarely hold pleasing illusions about themselves

    D. it is doubtful that the science of human relations developed slowly because of a desire to maintain pleasing illusions

    4. It can be inferred that the author assumes that commonsense knowledge of human relations is _______________.

    A. usually sufficiently accurate to facilitate interactions with others

    B. equally well developed among all adults within a given society

    C. biased insofar as it is based on myths and folktales

    D. typically unrelated to an individual’s interactions with other people

    5. According to the text, it has also been suggested that the science of human relations was slow to develop because________.

    A. intuitive knowledge of human relations is derived from philosophy

    B. early scientists were more interested in the physical world

    C. scientific studies of human relations appear to investigate the obvious

    D. the scientific method is difficult to apply to the study of human relations

    Word Study

    1. 詞匯辨異：sensible，sensitive, sensational, sentimental sensible 明智的，通情達(dá)理的；可覺(jué)察的，明顯的：1) She felt this was the sensible way out of this embarrassing situation. (她覺(jué)得這是擺脫這種尷尬局面的明智出路。) 2) Why don’t you do something sensible in your spare time? (你為什么在空余時(shí)間不做一點(diǎn)有實(shí)際意義的事呢？) 3) I am sensible of his danger. (我能覺(jué)察到他的危險(xiǎn)。) 4) Her grief was sensible from her manner. (從她的舉止可以明顯看到她的悲痛。)

    同根詞：sensibly 明智地，有頭腦地。sensibility 感應(yīng)能力：She has an unusual sensibility for colors.

    sensitive 敏感的；靈敏的：1) Mr. Povey was exceedingly sensitive to personal criticisms. (Povey先生對(duì)個(gè)人評(píng)論十分敏感。) 2) A sensitive person is one who is easily hurt or offended by things that people do or say. (一個(gè)敏感的人往往很容易被別人的所作所為所傷害或冒犯。) 3) A sensitive instrument is one that will measure very small quantities. (一種靈敏的儀器是能測(cè)出微小數(shù)量的儀器。)

    sensational 造成轟動(dòng)的，帶刺激性的，令人吃驚的：1) A sensational story is one likely to excite people.（一個(gè)聳人聽(tīng)聞的故事是一個(gè)可以激動(dòng)人心的故事。） 2) There were sensational developments in this murder case.

    同根詞：sensation 知覺(jué)，感覺(jué)；轟動(dòng)：1) After the accident he had no sensation in his left thumb. (這次事故以后他的左手拇指失去知覺(jué)。) 2) The news created a great sensation. (這個(gè)消息產(chǎn)生了巨大轟動(dòng)。)

    sentimental 傷感的，易動(dòng)感情的：1) She gets sentimental whenever she thinks of her childhood. (每當(dāng)她想起她的童年，她變得非常傷感。) 2) Sentimental movies always make me cry.（動(dòng)情的電影常使我哭泣。）

    2. conceive vt./vi. 想出，想到：1) Who first conceived the idea of filling bags with gas to make balloons? (誰(shuí)首先想到向口袋充氣來(lái)制造氣球？) 2) We could not conceive that they would do such a silly thing.（我們無(wú)法想象他們會(huì)做出這樣一件蠢事。）

    用于成語(yǔ)：conceive of 想象，考慮：1) They could not conceive of the possibility of failure. 2) I refuse to conceive of such a solution to our problem.

    同根詞：conceivable adj. 可以想象出的：There is no conceivable way to raise ten thousand dollars. (想不出辦法來(lái)籌集一萬(wàn)美元。)

    3. interact (inter + act) 相互作用(with sth. )，互動(dòng)；相互交往(with sb.)。

    同根詞：interaction相互作用，相互交往；interactive（計(jì)算機(jī)用語(yǔ)）人機(jī)對(duì)話(huà)的，交互式的。[2004年試題RC I]

    Text 3

    The media can impact current events. As a graduate student at Berkeley in the 1960s, I remember experiencing the events related to the People’s Park that were occurring on campus. Some of these events were given national media coverage in the press and on TV. I found it interesting to compare my impressions of what was going on with perceptions obtained from the news media. I could begin to see events of that time feed on news coverage. This also provided me with some healthy insights into the distinctions between these realities.

    Electronic media are having a greater impact on the people’s lives every day. People gather more and more of their impressions from representations. Television and telephone communications are linking people to a global village, or what one writer calls the electronic city. Consider the information that television brings into your home every day. Consider also the contact you have with others simply by using telephone. These media extend your consciousness and your contact. For example, the video coverage of the 1989 San Francisco earthquake focused on “l(fā)ive action” such as the fires or the rescue efforts. This gave the viewer the impression of total disaster. Television coverage of the Iraqi War also developed an immediacy. CNN reported events as they happened. This coverage was distributed worldwide. Although most people were far away from these events, they developed some perception of these realities.

    In 1992, many people watched in horror as riots broke out on a sad Wednesday evening in Los Angeles, seemingly fed by video coverage from helicopters. This event was triggered by the verdict in the Rodney King beating. We are now in an age where the public can have access to information that enables it to make its own judgments, and most people, who had seen the video of this beating, could not understand how the jury was able to acquit the policemen involved. Media coverage of events as they occur also provides powerful feedback that influences events. This can have harmful results, as it seemed on that Wednesday night in Los Angeles. By Friday night the public got to see Rodney King on television pleading, ‘Can we all get along?” By Saturday, television seemed to provide positive feedback as the Los Angeles riot turned out into a rally for peace. The television showed thousands of people marching with banners and cleaning tools. Because of that, many more people turned out to join the peaceful event they saw unfolding on television. The real healing, of course, will take much longer, but electronic media will continue to be a part of that process. (436 words)

    Notes：media coverage 媒體報(bào)導(dǎo)。feed on 以…為食物，以…為能源，以…為來(lái)源。

    1. The best title for the text would be ____________.

    A. Positive Aspects of Media Reports B. How Media Cover Events at Present

    C. The 1992 Los Angeles Riots and Their Causes D. The Strong Effect of Media on Current Events

    2. All the following statements are true except _____________.

    A. electronic media can extend one’s contact with the world

    B. all the events occurring on the university campus at Berkeley were given national media coverage

    C. video coverage of the 1989 San Francisco earthquake gave the viewers the impression of total disaster

    D. those living far away from a certain event can also have some perception of realities by watching television

    3. The term “electronic city” in Paragraph 2 refers to _____________.

    A. Berkeley B. Earth C. Los Angeles D. San Francisco

    4. The 1992 Los Angeles riots broke out because _____________.

    A. video coverage from helicopters had made people angry

    B. video coverage had provided powerful feedback

    C. the jury proclaimed the policemen involved innocent

    D. people there were not satisfied with policemen involved

    5. It can be inferred from the text that _____________.

    A. the 1992 Los Angeles riots lasted a whole week

    B. most people hesitated to side with the verdict of the jury

    C. media coverage of events as they occur can have good or bad results

    D. Rodney King seemed very angry when he appeared on television on Friday

    Text 4 (課外閱讀)

    The population is growing more quickly in some parts of the world than others. The continents with the fastest growth rates are Latin America (2.9 per cent) and Africa (2.6 per cent). Asia comes third (2.1 per cent) but because its present population is so large it is there that by far the greatest number of people will be added before the end of the century.

    The main reason is not so much a rise in birth rates as a fall in death rates as a result of improvements in public health services and medical care. Many more babies now survive infancy, grow up and become parents, and many more adults are living into old age so that populations are being added to at both ends. In Europe and America the death rate began to fall during the Industrial Revolution. In the developing countries of Africa, Asia and Latin America the fall in death rate did not begin till much later and the birth rate has only recently begun to fall.

    This sudden increase in the population of the developing countries has come at a difficult time. Even if their population had not grown so fast they would have been facing a desperate struggle to bring the standard of living of their people up to the point at which there was enough food, housing, education, medical care and employment for everyone to have a reasonable life. The poor countries are having to run faster and faster in their economic activity in order to stay in the same place, but the gap in wealth between rich and poor countries grows wider every year.

    Statistics show that rapid population growth creates problems for developing countries. So why don't people have fewer children? Statistics from the developed countries suggest that it is only when people's living standards begin to rise that birth rates begin to fall. There are good reasons for this. Poor countries cannot afford social services and old age pensions, and people's incomes are so low that they have nothing to spare for savings. As a result, people look to their children to provide them with security in their old age. Having a large family can be a form of insurance. And even while they are still quite young, children can do a lot of useful jobs on a small farm. So poor people in a developing country will need to see clear signs of much better conditions ahead before they will think of having smaller families. But their conditions cannot be improved unless there is a reduction in the rate at which population is increasing. This will depend on a very much wider acceptance of family planning(計(jì)劃生育) and this, in turn, will mean basic changes in attitudes. (458 words)

    Note: not so much … as … 與其說(shuō)是 …，倒還不如說(shuō)是 …。

    1. Asia will add to itself the greatest number of population in the next decade because it has the ______________.

    A. highest birth rate B. lowest death rate

    C. fastest growth rate D. largest present population

    2. According to paragraph 2, the rapid growth of population is mainly due to ______________.

    A. the decline in death rates across the world

    B. the sharp increase in birth rates all over the world

    C. the prolonged lives of old people in developing countries

    D. the improvement of people's living standard in developed countries

    3. In the sentence "... populations are being added to at both ends" (Paragraph 2), the words "both ends" refer to both _______________.

    A. birth rate and death rate B. babies and old people

    C. developed and developing countries D. poor and rich people

    4. According to the statistics from the developed countries, ______________.

    A. birth rates will not fall until people's living standards begin to rise

    B. the death rate in America began to fall only after the Industrial Revolution

    C. the developing countries are running faster and faster in their economic activity

    D. only when the people's living conditions begin to improve will the world population stop growing

    5. It can be concluded from the last paragraph that ______________.

    A. people in developing countries have smaller families as a rule

    B. there is no way to ease the population problem in poor countries

    C. rich countries are helping poor people improve their living conditions

    D. family planning is essential to the final solution of the population problem

    III. Writing (圖畫(huà)提綱式應(yīng)用文)

    Directions: Some people believe that private cars should be encouraged in Beijing. Others argue that private cars should be discouraged in Capital. There has been a controversy recently over the issue in a newspaper in Beijing. Write a letter to the newspaper’s editor to

    1. describe the present situation of private cars in Beijing,

    2. offer reasons for or against owning private cars, and

    3. give your own opinion on the issue.

    Write a letter of about 160 -- 200 words within 30--35 minutes. Your letter must be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.

    北京擁有250萬(wàn)輛汽車(chē)，其中私家車(chē)達(dá)到170萬(wàn)輛。

    尊敬的先生/女士：

    我現(xiàn)在給您寫(xiě)信以表示我愿意參加私家車(chē)問(wèn)題的爭(zhēng)論并提出我的看法。

    隨著生活水平的迅速提高，越來(lái)越多的北京居民擁有自己的汽車(chē)。統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字表明，北京有250萬(wàn)輛汽車(chē)，其中私家車(chē)達(dá)到170萬(wàn)輛。汽車(chē)數(shù)量的增加產(chǎn)生了一系列問(wèn)題，如空氣污染、噪音、交通堵塞和汽油短缺。這樣就引起了一場(chǎng)爭(zhēng)論：北京是否應(yīng)該鼓勵(lì)私家車(chē)？人們對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題有不同的想法。

    許多居民反對(duì)擁有汽車(chē)。在他們看來(lái)，北京必須限制私家車(chē)。原因很明顯。首先，汽車(chē)加劇了空氣污染。北京現(xiàn)在深受空氣嚴(yán)重污染之苦。如果人們都要擁有私家車(chē)，已經(jīng)污染的大氣將變得更臟。其次，私家車(chē)可能對(duì)北京業(yè)已擁擠的交通狀況是一個(gè)可怕的威脅。如果更多的汽車(chē)開(kāi)上繁華的街道，交通堵塞將會(huì)更嚴(yán)重。這對(duì)我們大家來(lái)說(shuō)確是公害。比較后，汽車(chē)消耗大量燃料。雖然中國(guó)擁有豐富的石油資源，但是它們正在日趨減少。所有這些事實(shí)只能有一種解決辦法：限止日益增長(zhǎng)的汽車(chē)數(shù)量。

    我的看法是北京不應(yīng)該鼓勵(lì)私家車(chē)。為把清潔的空氣、寬闊安全的道路和富饒的石油資源留給子孫后代，我們對(duì)私家車(chē)只能說(shuō)“不”。至于對(duì)交通工具的巨大需求，我們可以發(fā)展公交系統(tǒng)來(lái)代替私家車(chē)�？偠�言之，北京不需要那么多私家車(chē)。

    如果您需要對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題的進(jìn)一步評(píng)論，請(qǐng)速電告。我家的電話(huà)號(hào)碼是66661818。謝謝！

    順致

    敬意

    李明

    Dear Sir or Madam,

    I’m writing to you to express my willingness to take part in the controversy on private cars and advance my views.

    With the living standards rising rapidly, more and more Beijing residents have cars of their own. Statistics show that in Beijing alone, there are 2.5 million cars, among which private cars add up to(=number) 1.7 million. The increase in the number of cars brings about a lot of problems, such as air pollution, noise, traffic congestion and gas shortage. Then a controversy arises: whether private cars should be encouraged in Beijing? People differ in their opinions on it.

    Many residents are against owning cars. According to them, private cars have to be limited in Beijing. The reasons for it are obvious. To begin with, cars contribute to air pollution. Beijing is now plagued by serious air pollution. If people are to have cars of their own, the already contaminated atmosphere will get even dirtier. Secondly, private cars can be a terrible threat to the already heavy traffic in the city. If more cars are allowed onto busy streets, there will be more traffic jams, which are really a public hazard to all of us. Finally, cars consume a large amount of fuel. Though China is rich in its oil resources, they are running out rapidly. All these facts allow of only one solution: to limit the ever-growing number of cars.

    In my opinion, private cars should be discouraged in Beijing. In order to leave clean air, wide and safe roads and abundant energy resources to our descendants, we have to say “No” to private cars. As far as the great demand for means of transport is concerned, we can develop mass transit to take the place of private cars. In short, Beijing does not need so many private cars.

    If you require any further comment on the issue, please feel free to call me up. My home number is 66661818.

    Thanks.

    Yours sincerely,

    Li Min (322 words)

    背記重點(diǎn)詞語(yǔ)漢英對(duì)照： 1. 提出某人對(duì)…的看法：advance(=give/put forward/present) one’s view on sth. 2. 總計(jì)達(dá)到：add up to, amount to, reach。 3. 引起許多問(wèn)題：bring about (=give rise to) many problems。 4. 在…方面有分歧：differ in …。 5. 反對(duì)：be against, object to, be opposed to。 6. (某物被)用完：run out, be used up。 7. （某事）只容許有： allow of。 8. （在…方面）富有：be rich in…。 9. 拒絕：refuse, reject, say “No” to sth.。 10. 代替：take the place of, replace。

    Put the following sentences from Chinese into English:

    1. 我現(xiàn)在給您寫(xiě)信以表示我愿意參加私家車(chē)問(wèn)題的爭(zhēng)論并提出我的看法。

    2. 汽車(chē)數(shù)量的增加產(chǎn)生了一系列問(wèn)題，如空氣污染、噪音、交通堵塞和汽油短缺。

    3. 人們對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題的看法有分歧。

    4. 許多居民反對(duì)擁有汽車(chē)。

    5. 只要我們的社會(huì)充滿(mǎn)著一愛(ài)，明天會(huì)變得更美好、更光明。

    6. 這些事實(shí)只能有一種解釋。

    IV. As 用法小結(jié)：

    as of (=as from) 從 … 起。例如：1) You are in charge(負(fù)責(zé)) as of today. 2) The agreement starts as from March 13.

    as for至于。例如：1) As for me, I shall return there on arrival. 2) As for me, I’m in favor of the first view.

    as to 關(guān)于；至于。例如：He asked my advice as to what to do next.

    as with 與 … 一樣。例如：As with so many of the major problems of society, the precise extent and nature of the environmental crisis are not entirely clear.

    as against (=in contrast with) 與 … 相對(duì)照。例如：1) She gets Saturdays off in her new job as against working alternate weekends in her last one. (她新找的這份工作星期六放假，而原來(lái)的那份工作周末是隔周放假。) 2) The business done this year amounts to $20,000 as against $ 15,000 last year.

    as regards 至于。例如：There are no special rules as regards what clothes you should wear.(至于應(yīng)該穿什么衣服沒(méi)有硬性規(guī)定。)

    as follows 如下。例如：1) The reasons are as follows: …. 2) The report reads as follows: ….

    as it were 可以說(shuō)，姑且這么說(shuō)。例如：He is, as it were, a walking dictionary. (他，可以說(shuō)，是一部活詞典。)

    as opposed to 和 … 相反。例如：John likes rice, as opposed to Mary, who hates it.

    as soon as possible 盡快地。例如：We should take steps as soon as possible.

    may(might , could) as well do sth. 不妨，比較好（做某事）。例如：Since it is late, we might as well go back home.

    as a rule 通常。例如：1) As a rule they sat together very quietly. 2) His writing as a rule is elegant.

    as yet 到這時(shí)為止（還沒(méi)有，還不是）。例如：But none of these are as yet carefully thought-out plans.

    such … as to 這樣 … 以致。例如：I went about my job in such a way as to try to kill two birds with one stone.

    not so much …as 與其說(shuō)…，倒不如說(shuō)…：The trumpet player was certainly loud. But I wasn’t bothered by his loudness so much as by his lack of talent. (這個(gè)吹號(hào)手的聲音確實(shí)很大，但我煩的與其說(shuō)是他吹得太吵，倒不如說(shuō)是他缺乏天分。)

    such as 例如：Studies show that the things that contribute most to a sense of happiness cannot be bought with money, such as a good family life, friendship and work satisfaction. (研究表明，那些比較能使人產(chǎn)生幸福感的東西是不能用金錢(qián)買(mǎi)到的，如和睦的家庭生活、友誼和事業(yè)上的滿(mǎn)足感。)

    as long as (=so long as)只要（引導(dǎo)條件從句）：As long as he works hard, I don’t mind when he finishes the experiment.

    Just as … , so … 正如 … 一樣，… 也 … 。例如：Just as air is important to man, so is water to fish.

    as though (=as if ) 似乎。例如：Christie stared angrily at her boss and turned away, as though to go out of the office.

    much as 雖然。例如：Much as I admired David as a poet, I don’t like him as a man. (雖然我仰慕作為詩(shī)人的大衛(wèi)，但我不喜歡他的為人。)

    as 雖然 (引導(dǎo)部分倒裝的讓步從句)：Young as he is, he knows a lot. (他雖年輕，但很懂事。)

    as作關(guān)系代詞，引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，代表整個(gè)主句的意思：1）A good many proposals were raised by the delegates, as was to be expected . (正如所料，代表們提出了許多建議。) 2) As might be expected, the response to the question was mixed. (正如所料，人們對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題觀(guān)點(diǎn)不一。)

    as…as 引出比較狀語(yǔ)從句：Americans eat twice as much protein as they actually need every day. (美國(guó)人攝取的蛋白質(zhì)是他們實(shí)際需要量的兩倍。)

    作業(yè)：1. 復(fù)習(xí)本單元內(nèi)容，把閱讀理解Text 1譯成漢語(yǔ)，

    2. 英漢對(duì)照本單元作文，注意信件應(yīng)用文的框架，

    3. 背誦并改寫(xiě)本單元作文，注意段落主題句的展開(kāi)方法，

    4. 有計(jì)劃閱讀“復(fù)習(xí)指導(dǎo)”各章的內(nèi)容，特別注意相關(guān)的注釋。

    贈(zèng)言：分秒必爭(zhēng)，加緊復(fù)習(xí)；深入思考，改進(jìn)方法；舉一反三，提高效率。

    參考譯文 Text 1

    做好準(zhǔn)備來(lái)迎接我們稱(chēng)之為全球化的大戲劇的第二幕。20世紀(jì)80年代開(kāi)始了一場(chǎng)大規(guī)模的制造業(yè)大遷移，從工業(yè)化國(guó)家到第三世界，這種遷移至今還在加速。比較近10年中，人們目睹了第二次大遷移，這一次是第三產(chǎn)業(yè)；許多白領(lǐng)的專(zhuān)業(yè)性工作沿著藍(lán)領(lǐng)遷移的相同路線(xiàn)流到亞洲及其他各地。

    我們認(rèn)為，在全球經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展中比較近一次的遷移會(huì)隨著時(shí)間對(duì)每個(gè)人提供更多的發(fā)展機(jī)遇，因?yàn)楦鱾�(gè)國(guó)家都集中精力去做它們做得比較好的工作。但是這種調(diào)整、改變和適應(yīng)很可能對(duì)于那些中產(chǎn)階級(jí)的美國(guó)人和歐洲人來(lái)說(shuō)是十分痛苦的，因?yàn)樗麄兛吹阶约涸谲浖�編制、芯片設(shè)計(jì)、建筑業(yè)、和財(cái)會(huì)方面的工作遷移到印度、中國(guó)、以色列、俄國(guó)和菲律賓。如果第三產(chǎn)業(yè)的遷移沒(méi)有得到促進(jìn)增長(zhǎng)的政府優(yōu)惠政策的干預(yù)調(diào)解，那就會(huì)出現(xiàn)嚴(yán)重的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)：反全球化的各種力量將會(huì)逐漸形成一支新的白領(lǐng)失業(yè)大軍。

    第三產(chǎn)業(yè)遷移的范圍現(xiàn)在只是初露端倪。我們現(xiàn)在能夠看出這種勢(shì)頭，但是還沒(méi)有看到這場(chǎng)遷移的力量和規(guī)模。技術(shù)泡沫的瓦解和經(jīng)濟(jì)的微弱復(fù)蘇正導(dǎo)致越來(lái)越多的美國(guó)銀行、保險(xiǎn)業(yè)、信用卡、財(cái)會(huì)、投資金融、高科技、工程和設(shè)計(jì)公司把大量的白領(lǐng)工作外包給第三世界。

    這種形勢(shì)很可能已經(jīng)不是一種周期性的現(xiàn)象。互聯(lián)網(wǎng)、數(shù)字化、白領(lǐng)技術(shù)流向國(guó)外以及外包成本的大幅度下降將很可能使第三產(chǎn)業(yè)的遷移成為經(jīng)濟(jì)生活中的永久特征。振奮人心的消息是，像商品一樣的第三產(chǎn)業(yè)工作迅猛外流將增加美國(guó)公司的利潤(rùn)并提高這些公司的效益，并且為下一次產(chǎn)生增長(zhǎng)的巨大突破準(zhǔn)備條件。美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的推動(dòng)力是革新，而不是低附加值產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)的規(guī)模生產(chǎn)。70年代和80年代痛苦的喪失制造業(yè)鋪平了90年代高科技收益的道路�，F(xiàn)在同樣的因素在起作用。

    至于印度、中國(guó)和其他國(guó)家，它們正在獲得大量的高薪工作，壯大了中產(chǎn)階級(jí)并減少了貧困人口。因此，中國(guó)正作為世界增長(zhǎng)的火車(chē)頭而崛起。2003年11月美國(guó)向中國(guó)的出口增加30%，年增長(zhǎng)量為240億美元，相當(dāng)于美國(guó)對(duì)法國(guó)的出口額。

    美國(guó)必須毫不猶豫的行動(dòng)。美國(guó)應(yīng)該做它過(guò)去已經(jīng)做過(guò)的事情 – 提高附加值的梯子來(lái)開(kāi)拓新產(chǎn)品和新服務(wù)。這就意味著要推進(jìn)更良好的教育，完成改革資本市場(chǎng)的任務(wù)，降低國(guó)內(nèi)外企業(yè)和投資商的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。如果美國(guó)能夠重新啟動(dòng)增長(zhǎng)的發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)，那么美國(guó)就可以高枕無(wú)憂(yōu)，不必?fù)?dān)心大量白領(lǐng)工作的外流。如果不是這樣，那么今后可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)嚴(yán)重的麻煩。

    參考譯文 Text 2

    人類(lèi)關(guān)系從古代起就受到人們的注意。人們的風(fēng)俗習(xí)性被記錄在無(wú)數(shù)的神話(huà)、民間故事、小說(shuō)、劇本和通俗短文或哲學(xué)隨筆中。雖然人類(lèi)關(guān)系的全部意義可能并非一目了然，但是一眼就能理解的感情和行為的復(fù)雜性卻多得驚人。因此心理學(xué)在各門(mén)科學(xué)中占有與眾不同的地位。

    “直覺(jué)的”知識(shí)可以是非常透徹的并且大大有助于我們?nèi)ダ斫馊说男袨�，而在物理科學(xué)中這樣的常識(shí)性的知識(shí)是比較簡(jiǎn)單的。如果我們從世界上抹去全部物理學(xué)的知識(shí)，我們就不僅沒(méi)有汽車(chē)和電視機(jī)，我們甚至可能會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，普通人就無(wú)法順利解決滑輪和杠桿這樣的基本的力學(xué)問(wèn)題。但是，如果我們從世界上去掉全部科學(xué)心理學(xué)的知識(shí)，人際關(guān)系中的許多問(wèn)題還是可以和以前一樣很容易地去處理和解決。我們?nèi)匀粫?huì)“知道”如何躲避做別人要我們做的事情和如何使某人同意我們的意見(jiàn)；我們?nèi)匀粫?huì)“知道”，什么時(shí)候某人生氣了、什么時(shí)候某人高興了。人們甚至能夠提出許多合乎情理的解釋?zhuān)瑏?lái)說(shuō)明自身行為和感情的許多原因。換句話(huà)說(shuō)，普通人非常了解自身和其他人，盡管這種了解沒(méi)有得到系統(tǒng)闡述，或者只是模糊地體會(huì)到，也能使人以多少適應(yīng)的方式去和其他人交在�？祭赵谡劦叫睦韺W(xué)與物理學(xué)相比缺少偉大的發(fā)現(xiàn)時(shí)，解釋了這一點(diǎn)，他說(shuō)“人們?cè)趧?chuàng)建科學(xué)心理學(xué)以前很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間就已經(jīng)非常熟悉精神生活中幾乎所有的領(lǐng)域。

    事情反常的是，雖然有了所有這種自然的、直覺(jué)的、常識(shí)性的能力去掌握人類(lèi)關(guān)系，但人類(lèi)關(guān)系的科學(xué)一直發(fā)展緩慢。已經(jīng)提出了對(duì)這種反常情況的不同解釋。其中之一認(rèn)為，科學(xué)會(huì)摧毀人們有關(guān)自身的自負(fù)的、樂(lè)觀(guān)的幻想；但是我們會(huì)問(wèn)，那人們?yōu)槭裁纯傔�喜歡去閱讀悲觀(guān)的、暴露真相的著作呢，從圣經(jīng)的傳道書(shū)到弗洛伊德的潛意識(shí)論。還有人提出，正是因?yàn)槲覀儗?duì)人直覺(jué)地了解得那么多，所以就缺乏動(dòng)力來(lái)科學(xué)地研究它們：對(duì)于一目了然的事人們?yōu)槭裁催�要提出一條理論，進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)的觀(guān)察或做出預(yù)測(cè)呢？不管怎樣，人類(lèi)關(guān)系的這個(gè)領(lǐng)域，文字資料多如牛毛但科學(xué)闡述十分貧乏，這與物理領(lǐng)域形成鮮明對(duì)照，在物理領(lǐng)域幾乎沒(méi)有什么非科學(xué)的書(shū)籍。

    參考譯文 Text 3

    媒體可以影響當(dāng)前的事態(tài)。作為60年代勃克雷的一個(gè)大學(xué)畢業(yè)生，我記得經(jīng)歷了發(fā)生在校園里的與人民公園有關(guān)的事件。其中有的事件在報(bào)刊和電視上作了全國(guó)性的媒體報(bào)導(dǎo)。我覺(jué)得把所發(fā)生的事件留下的印象與從新聞媒體上所得到的感覺(jué)作一比較是很有意思的。我開(kāi)始能見(jiàn)到那時(shí)的許多事件是從新聞報(bào)導(dǎo)中來(lái)的。這也使我們對(duì)兩種現(xiàn)實(shí)之間的差別有了一些有益的認(rèn)識(shí)。

    電子媒體對(duì)人們的日常生活有更大的影響。人們從媒體報(bào)道中得到越來(lái)越多的印象。電視和電話(huà)的通訊工具把人們和地球村連結(jié)在一起，有一位作家把地球村稱(chēng)作電子城市。想一想電視每天把信息帶到你的家里。再想一想，只要用電話(huà)你就可以與其他人保持接觸。這些媒體延伸了你的觸覺(jué)。例如，1989年舊金山大地震的錄相報(bào)導(dǎo)注重“實(shí)況行動(dòng)”，如火災(zāi)或搶救工作。這就使觀(guān)眾對(duì)整個(gè)災(zāi)難留下印象。伊拉克戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的電視報(bào)導(dǎo)使人立即了解事態(tài)的進(jìn)展。美國(guó)有線(xiàn)電視新聞網(wǎng)進(jìn)行了實(shí)況報(bào)導(dǎo)。這些報(bào)導(dǎo)遍布全球。盡管許多人遠(yuǎn)離這些事件，但是他們能感覺(jué)到這些事件的真實(shí)狀況。

    1992年在洛杉磯，許多人在恐怖中目睹了悲慘的星期三晚上所發(fā)生的騷亂，這一場(chǎng)景是由從直升飛機(jī)上拍攝的錄相報(bào)導(dǎo)所提供的。這次事件是由路德 - 金被毆打的法院裁決所觸發(fā)的。我們現(xiàn)在所處的時(shí)代是公眾能夠得到信息使他們能做出自己的判斷，并且許多人，由于看到過(guò)這次毆打的錄相，所以無(wú)法理解陪審團(tuán)怎么能對(duì)涉案的警察作無(wú)罪的判決。對(duì)事件的媒體實(shí)況報(bào)導(dǎo)還提供了影響事件發(fā)展的有力反饋。這可能會(huì)產(chǎn)生有害的結(jié)果，就像在洛杉磯那個(gè)星期三晚上似乎所發(fā)生的后果。到星期五晚上，公眾看到路德 - 金在電視上懇求說(shuō)，“我們大家難道不能和睦相處嗎?到星期六，電視似乎提供了正面的反饋，洛杉磯騷亂逐漸轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)楹推郊瘯?huì)。電視報(bào)導(dǎo)了成千上萬(wàn)的人手拿旗幟和清潔工具游行。因此，更多的人轉(zhuǎn)而參加他們?cè)陔娨暽峡吹降暮推叫袆?dòng)。當(dāng)然，真正的解決將需要更長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間，但是電子媒體將繼續(xù)是這個(gè)進(jìn)程的一個(gè)組成部分。

    閱讀欣賞 時(shí)尚英語(yǔ) 精品譯文

    TSE Spring 2004 The 1960s … a time when high society took cocktails around the pool, and time was taken out to celebrate the good things in life. And it is this leisurely era that has inspired the Spring 2004 TSE collection, reflecting a bygone era of simple, stylish chic（時(shí)尚，瀟灑）.

    Key features of the spring collection are the pairings of superfine cashmere sweaters in eggshell with a slim jade skirt that falls just to the knee, reflecting the quintessential carefree mood of the collection. The silhouette is easy but deliberate, with a cozy oversized V-neck worn with wide-leg tailored trousers, or a fitted Polo top with slim Bermuda shorts. It’s no wonder TSE is a top purveyor of fibers to die for(渴望).

    TSE 2004 年春夏系列 19世紀(jì)20年代，上流社會(huì)舉著雞尾酒在游泳池旁盡情歡聚，人人開(kāi)懷慶祝美好生活。正是這種休閑的年代激發(fā)了TSE 2004春夏系列的靈感，反映了過(guò)去那種簡(jiǎn)單而時(shí)髦的瀟灑風(fēng)格。

    TSE春夏系列的特點(diǎn)是將頂級(jí)的蛋殼色開(kāi)絲米毛衣和緊身的碧綠及膝修身裙搭配，充滿(mǎn)瀟灑自如的喜悅。簡(jiǎn)約的線(xiàn)條加上暖和、寬身的V領(lǐng)上衣配上利索的喇叭褲，或是貼身的Polo上衣加上修長(zhǎng)的Bermuda短褲。難怪TSE提供的紡織品令人心碎。

    趣味英語(yǔ)

    Late on after noon as I rode the bus home from work, I sat next to a middle-aged man. Beside him a little girl who seemed to be lost in(入迷于) a book of fairy tales. Suddenly the little girl looked up from her book. “Excuse me,” she said, pulling at the man’s sleeve, “does M-I-R-A-G-E(幻景) spell (拚寫(xiě)成) marriage?”

    ‘Oh, most definitely, my dear,” the man replied with a sigh, “most definitely!”

    幫助你學(xué)習(xí)記憶單詞的有效方法 -- 同根詞解析

    im [拉丁語(yǔ)] 想象，偶象

    *image n. 像，形象；映象，圖象 *imagine vt. 想象，設(shè)想；料想，猜想

    *imagination n. 想象，想象力；空想，幻覺(jué) *imaginary a. 想象中的，假想的，虛構(gòu)的

    *imaginative a. 富有想象力的 *imaginable a. 可以想象的

    *imitate [im偶象 + it 進(jìn)行 + ate = 象某一樣子去做] vt. 模仿，仿效，仿制

    *imitation n. 仿制；仿造品 *imitative a. 模仿的，仿制的

    iden, ident [拉丁語(yǔ)] =same 相同，識(shí)別 *identify vt. 認(rèn)出，鑒定；（with）認(rèn)為 … 等同于；使關(guān)系密切

    *identification n. 識(shí)別，鑒別 *identity n. 同一性，一致性

    *identical a. 相同的，相等的 *identifiable a. 可識(shí)別的

    mark, marg [英] = sign 記號(hào)

    *mark n. 痕跡，斑點(diǎn)；記號(hào)，標(biāo)記：（考試的）分?jǐn)?shù) vt.作記號(hào)，表明；給（試卷等）打分

    *remark [re再 + mark 作記號(hào)] vt. 說(shuō)，評(píng)論說(shuō) vi. [on]評(píng)論，議論 n. 話(huà)語(yǔ)，談?wù)�，評(píng)論

    *remarkable a. 顯著的，值得注意的，異常的，非凡的

    *margin n. 頁(yè)邊空白，邊緣；余地 *marginal a. 記在頁(yè)邊的，邊緣的，有旁注的

    *obey vt. 服從；順從 *obedient adj. 順從的