英語(yǔ)名詞從句包括主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句等。翻譯時(shí)大多數(shù)可譯成相對(duì)應(yīng)的漢語(yǔ),但也還有一些其它處理方法。下面分別加以介紹:
一、主語(yǔ)從句
1.以what, whatever, whoever等代詞引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句一般可按原文順序翻譯,例如:
What he told me is only half-truth.
他告訴我的只是些半真半假的東西而己
2.以“it”作形式主語(yǔ)的主語(yǔ)從句
邏輯主語(yǔ)從句如提前譯出,有兩種情況:若強(qiáng)調(diào),“it”一般可譯出來;如不強(qiáng)調(diào),“it”可不譯出來。
It doesn’t make much difference whether he attends the meeting or not.
他參不參加會(huì)議沒有多大關(guān)系。(不強(qiáng)調(diào))
It seemed inconceivable that the pilot could have survived the crash.
在飛機(jī)墜毀之后,駕駛員竟然還能活著,這看來是不可想象的。(強(qiáng)調(diào))
邏輯主語(yǔ)從句不提前,“it”一般不需譯出。
It is suggested that the meeting should be canceled.
有人建議取消會(huì)議。
二、賓語(yǔ)從句
1.用that, what, how等引起的賓語(yǔ)從句漢譯時(shí)一般不須改變順序。
I told him that because of the last condition, I′d have to turn it down.
我告訴他,由于那比較后一個(gè)條件,我只得謝絕。
2.用“it”作形成賓語(yǔ)的句子,that賓語(yǔ)從句可按原文順序譯出,“it”可不譯。
I made it clear to them that they must hand in their papers before 10 o′clock in the morning.
我向他們講清楚了的,他們必須在上午十時(shí)前交卷。
三、表語(yǔ)從句
與賓語(yǔ)從句一樣,一般可按原文順序譯出:
His view of the press was that the reporters were either for him or against him.
他對(duì)新聞界的看法是,記者們不是支持他,就是反對(duì)他。
四、同位語(yǔ)從句
1. 同位語(yǔ)從句漢譯時(shí)不提前:
He expressed the hope that he would come over to visit China again.
他表示希望再到中國(guó)來訪問。
2. 同位語(yǔ)從句提前譯出:
Yet, from the beginning, the fact that I was alive was ignored.
然而,從一開始,我仍然活著這個(gè)事實(shí)卻偏偏被忽視了。
3.用“即”或冒號(hào)、破折號(hào)引出同位語(yǔ)從句:
But considered realistically, we had to face the fact that our prospects were less than good.
但是現(xiàn)實(shí)地考慮一下,我們不得不正視這樣的事實(shí):我們的前景并不妙。
4.單詞、短語(yǔ)作同位語(yǔ)的譯法:
1)說明身份,稱號(hào)的英語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ)往往放在專有名詞后面,漢譯時(shí)一般放在前面:
They silently surrounded Tom, a young soldier, in order to take him prisoner.
他們悄悄地包圍了一個(gè)年輕戰(zhàn)士湯姆,企圖俘虜他。
2)限制性同位語(yǔ)不須改變位置;
I have been to all the cinemas in this city, big or small.
這個(gè)城市的電影院我都到過,大的也罷,小的也罷。
We two like to go there.
我們兩個(gè)(都)想去!
結(jié)束
特別聲明:①凡本網(wǎng)注明稿件來源為"原創(chuàng)"的,轉(zhuǎn)載必須注明"稿件來源:育路網(wǎng)",違者將依法追究責(zé)任;
②部分稿件來源于網(wǎng)絡(luò),如有侵權(quán),請(qǐng)聯(lián)系我們溝通解決。