制服一区字幕精品|一二三区欧洲视频|国产无遮挡裸体女|好吊色91青青草|色欲TV亚洲国产|私人高清强伦中文字幕|国产在线自慰欧美综合图区|色欲av成人一区二区三区在线观看|九九九久久精品亚洲视频久久精品|亚洲无码中文在线

育路教育網(wǎng),權(quán)威招生服務平臺
新東方在線

2011年考研英語詞匯特訓:看閱讀記單詞(四)

來源:網(wǎng)絡 時間:2010-10-08 08:51:24

 Science has long had an uneasy relationship with other aspects of culture. Think of Galileo’s 17th century trial for his rebelling belief before the Catholic Church or poet William Blake’s harsh remarks against the mechanistic worldview of Isaac Newton. The schism between science and the humanities has, if anything, deepened in this century.      

  Until recently, the scientific community was so powerful that it could afford to ignore its critics - but no longer. As funding for science has declined, scientists have attacked “anti-science” in several books, notably Higher Superstition, by Paul R. Gross, a biologist at the University of Virginia, and Norman Levitt, a mathematician at Rutgers University; and The Demon-Haunted World, by Carl Sagan of Cornell University.      

  Defenders of science have also voiced their concerns at meetings such as “The Flight from Science and Reason,” held in New York City in 1995, and “Science in the Age of (Mis)information,” which assembled last June near Buffalo.       

  Anti-science clearly means different things to different people. Gross and Levitt find fault primarily with sociologists, philosophers and other academics who have questioned science’s objectivity. Sagan is more concerned with those who believe in ghosts, creationism and other phenomena that contradict the scientific worldview.      

  A survey of news stories in 1996 reveals that the anti-science tag has been attached to many other groups as well, from authorities who advocated the elimination of the last remaining stocks of smallpox virus to Republicans who advocated decreased funding for basic research.     

  Few would dispute that the term applies to the Unabomber, those manifesto, published in 1995, scorns science and longs for return to a pretechnological utopia. But surely that does not mean environmentalists concerned about uncontrolled industrial growth are anti-science, as an essay in US News & World Report last May seemed to suggest.      

  The environmentalists, inevitably, respond to such critics. The true enemies of science, argues Paul Ehrlich of Stanford University, a pioneer of environmental studies, are those who question the evidence supporting global warming, the depletion of the ozone layer and other consequences of industrial growth.    

  Indeed, some observers fear that the anti-science epithet is in danger of becoming meaningless. “The term ´anti-science´ can lump together too many, quite different things,” notes Harvard University philosopher Gerald Holton in his 1993 work Science and Anti Science. “They have in common only one thing that they tend to annoy or threaten those who regard themselves as more enlightened. ”

  譯文

  科學與文化的其他方面的關系一直都很不穩(wěn)定。想想看,17世紀伽利略由于他叛逆性的信仰而遭受到天主教會的審判,詩人威廉·布萊克對艾薩克·牛頓的機械論世界觀進行尖銳地批判。本世紀,科學與人文之間的分裂加劇了。  直到前不久,科學界有著如此之強大的權(quán)威以致可以對其批評者不予理會——但是現(xiàn)在不是這樣的情況了。由于科研經(jīng)費減少,所以科學家出了幾本書對 “反科學”勢力進行批評,其中值得注意的有弗吉尼亞大學生物學家保羅·R·格羅斯和拉特格斯大學的數(shù)學家諾曼·萊維特合著的《高級迷信》及康奈爾大學的卡爾·薩根著的《鬼怪世界》?茖W的捍衛(wèi)者們也在一些會議上表示了他們的擔憂。比如,1995年在紐約市召開的“遠離科學和理性”會議,以及去年6月在布法羅市召開的“信息(迷信)時代的科學”會議! ★@然,對于不同的人反科學有著不同的含義。格羅斯和萊維特主要對質(zhì)疑科學客觀性的社會學家、哲學家和其他學者進行批評。薩根則更關注那些相信鬼怪、上帝造物論和其他與科學世界觀不同的人! 1996年的一項新聞調(diào)查報道表明,反科學的標簽也貼在了許多其他的群體上,例如從提倡消滅所有現(xiàn)存的天花病毒的官員到支持削減基礎研究基金的共和黨人大都有著反科學的傾向! ∪绻堰@一詞用在仇視現(xiàn)代文明的恐怖主義者身上,也不會引起太多的爭議,因為他們曾在1995年公開發(fā)表過對科學的蔑視并且渴望回到前技術(shù)時代理想社會的聲明。但是并不意味著那些對毫無控制的工業(yè)發(fā)展表示憂慮的環(huán)境主義者也是反科學的,正如去年5月份一篇刊登在《美國新聞和世界報導》的文章似乎暗示過這樣的例子。  環(huán)境主義者毫無疑問要對此類的批評做出回應。斯坦福大學的保羅·埃利希是環(huán)境研究的先驅(qū)者,他認為,科學的真正的敵人是那些對工業(yè)增長帶來的全球變暖、臭氧層稀薄及其他后果的證據(jù)提出質(zhì)疑的人! 〈_實,一些觀察者擔心反科學這個詞正處于消失的邊際。哈佛大學的哲學家杰拉爾德·霍爾頓在1993年的著作《科學和反科學》的一書中寫道“‘反科學’這個詞可以包含很多迥然不同的東西,他們只有一點是相同的,就是會激怒或威脅那些自以為比別人更有見識的人。”

  詞匯

  antic   n. 滑稽動a. 古怪的

  例句:Everyone laughed at his foolish antics. 大家都笑他那種愚蠢的滑稽動作。

  advocate  n. 提倡者, 擁護者vt. 主張, 提倡

  例子:He will be his own best advocate. 他自己就是比較好的辯護人。

  詞組:an advocate of peace擁護或提倡和平的人

  同義詞:defend support

  反義詞:impugn

  critic   n. 批評家, 評論家, 吹毛求疵者

  例句:Critics really slapped the play around. 劇評家們把那個劇本簡直批評得體無完膚。

  詞組:film critic電影評論sports critic體育評論家armchair critic 閉門造車的批評家, 不做調(diào)查研究的批評家; 不負責任的批評家

  consequence   n. 結(jié)果, 重要性

  派生:consequent a. 隨之發(fā)生的 consequently ad. 因而,所以

  例句:In consequence of his bad work, I was forced to dismiss him. 由于他工作表現(xiàn)不好,我只好把他辭退。

  詞組:answer for the consequences 對后果負責as a consequence 因而, 結(jié)果face the consequences of one's action 自食其果in consequence 因此, 結(jié)果in consequence of…… 的結(jié)果, 因為……的緣故, 由于of consequence 有勢力的; 重要的take the consequences 自食其果, 承擔責任take upon oneself the consequences 自己承擔后果without negative consequence 沒有副作用without reflecting on the consequences 不顧后果

 反義詞:cause

  deepen   vi. 深化vt. 使加深, 使強烈

  例句:We'll have to deepen the well if we want more water. 想獲得更多的水,我們必須把井加深。

  詞組:deepen a trench使壕溝加深

  dispute   n. 爭論vt. 爭論vi. 爭論

  派生:disputable a. 可爭議的;可疑的 disputation n. disputatious a. 愛爭論的

  例句:A judge may direct a defendent to admit matters not really in dispute. 法官可以指示被告承認基本沒有爭議的事情。

  詞組:beyond dispute 無爭論余地; 的確, 無疑past dispute 無爭論余地; 的確, 無疑without dispute 無爭論余地; 的確, 無疑out of dispute 無爭論余地; 的確, 無疑in dispute 在爭論中; 尚未解決under dispute 在爭論中; 尚未解決settle a dispute with sb. 同某人解決爭端settle disputes between 調(diào)解……之間的爭端dispute with sb. about 與某人爭論某事dispute with sb. on 與某人爭論某事

  同義詞:argue bicker contest debate fight oppose quarrel resist

  反義詞:agree

  depletion   n. 消耗, 耗盡, 放血

  例句:We must seek immediate solutions for problems leading to the rapid depletion of the earth's ozone layer. 我們必須尋求立即解決引起地球臭氧層快速損耗的問題的辦法。

  elimination   n. 除去, 消除, 消滅

  派生:eliminate vt. 消滅,消除

  例句:Their elimination from the competition was a great surprise. 他們在比賽中遭到淘汰是個很大的意外。

  epithet   n. 渾名, 綽號, 稱號

  例句:A name, especially a descriptive nickname or epithet acquired through usage over a period of time. 綽號名,尤指一描述性的綽號或因一段時間的習慣而得的諢名。

  enlightened  a. 有知識的, 進步的, 文明的

  例句:An enlightened government should permit the free expression of political opinion. 一個開明的政府應當允許自由發(fā)表政見。

  industrial   a. 工業(yè)的, 供工業(yè)用的, 工業(yè)高度發(fā)展的, 產(chǎn)業(yè)的n. 工業(yè)工人, 工業(yè)股票

  例句:The river forms the division between the heavy industrial and light industrial areas of the city. 這條河成了這座城市重工業(yè)區(qū)和輕工業(yè)區(qū)的分界線。

  詞組:industrial areas工業(yè)區(qū)industrial workers產(chǎn)業(yè)工人an industrial country工業(yè)國industrial alcohol工業(yè)用酒精an industrial crop勞做收獲

  lump   n. 塊, 瘤, 很多, 腫塊, 笨人vt. 使成塊狀, 混在一起vi. 結(jié)塊

  例句:He is not a mere lump of clay but a feeling creature. 他不僅具有血肉之軀而且是一個有感情的人。

  詞組:lump it 勉強忍受, 將就忍受

  同義詞:bump chunk hunk mass swelling

  mathematician   n. 數(shù)學家

  例句:He is an English mathematician. 他是個英國數(shù)學家。

  manifesto   n. 宣言, 聲明

  例句:The party set out (released) its manifesto yesterday. 該黨昨天發(fā)表了它的聲明。

  詞組:issue a manifesto發(fā)表一個宣言

  notably   ad. 顯著地, 著名地, 尤其, 特別

  例句:Many members were absent, notably the vice-chairman. 許多成員都缺席,特別是副主席也未到場。

  ozone  n. 臭氧層

  例句:Many groups of scientists quickly began monitoring the Antarctic ozone layer. 許多科學家小組很快開始了對南極臭氧層的檢測。

  詞組:ozone layer臭氧層(距地球表面20-40英里, 為同溫層的外緣)

  phenomena   pl. 現(xiàn)象

  派生:phenomenon

  例句:These phenomena is very universal. 這些現(xiàn)象己經(jīng)非常普遍了。

  schism   n. 分裂, 分立, 分裂教會罪

  例句:When one intends to integrate a schism, so it will be. 當你意愿整合一個分裂時,它就將如你所愿。

  smallpox   n. 天花

  例句:He was inoculated against smallpox. 他接種了預防天花的疫苗。

  scorn   n. 輕蔑, 藐視, 嘲笑, 被嘲弄的人vt. 輕蔑, 不屑做

  例句:He scorns to tell a lie. 他不屑于撒謊。

  詞組:be a scorn to (=be the scorn of) 是……的嘲笑對象; 遭到……的鄙視feel ( have) scorn for 對……表示藐視hold in (up to) scorn (ridicule) 藐視, 瞧不起; 奚落laugh sb. (sth。) to scorn (=pour scorn on sb. (sth。)) 嘲笑或挖苦某人(某事) point the finger of scorn at sb. 奚落某人, 嘲笑某人think (hold) it scorn to (do) 不屑(做) think scorn of 藐視, 瞧不起

  tag   n. 標簽, 附屬物, 碎片, 結(jié)束語, 口頭禪, 附加語, 渾名, 標記, 標記符vt. 附以簽條, 尾隨, 添飾, 起渾名, 連接vi. 緊緊跟隨

  例句:He could hardly open his mouth without using one or other of his tags. 他開口說話總帶口頭禪。

  詞組:keep a tag on 記錄; 檢查, 監(jiān)視tag along (口)尾隨, 緊緊跟隨; 溫順地陪著tag (oneself) on to (口)(未經(jīng)同意或邀請)硬跟著, 纏著tag sth on (onto, to) 把某物附加于……上面tag, rag and bobtail 烏合之眾; 下層人民; 下層社會; 衣衫不整的人們

  同義詞:brand call designate follow heel label name pursue shadow trail

  utopia   n. 烏托邦

  例句:Sir Thomas More is remembered today as the author of Utopia. 當今,托馬斯·莫爾先生還被銘記為烏托邦的作者。

  virus   n. 病毒, 濾過性病毒, 毒害

  例句:Scientists have isolated the virus causing the epidemic. 科學家們已分離出引起這種流行病的病毒。

結(jié)束

特別聲明:①凡本網(wǎng)注明稿件來源為"原創(chuàng)"的,轉(zhuǎn)載必須注明"稿件來源:育路網(wǎng)",違者將依法追究責任;

②部分稿件來源于網(wǎng)絡,如有侵權(quán),請聯(lián)系我們溝通解決。

有用

25人覺得有用

閱讀全文

2019考研VIP資料免費領取

【隱私保障】

育路為您提供專業(yè)解答

相關文章推薦

08

2010.10

2011年考研英語詞匯特訓:看閱讀記單詞(五)

 Planet Earth will do an electronic skin in the not-too-distance future. It will use the inter......

08

2010.10

2010中西醫(yī)執(zhí)業(yè)助理醫(yī)師中藥學考試輔導:配伍

 配伍用藥   麻黃配桂枝: 風寒表實無汗證! ÷辄S配杏仁: 風寒束肺喘咳氣逆! ÷辄S配石膏:......

08

2010.10

2011年全國計算機等級考試二級VFP筆記(9)

第九章 菜單設計與應用   大綱要求
   使用菜單設計器:
   (1) 建立主選項。
   (2)......

08

2010.10

2010中西醫(yī)執(zhí)業(yè)助理醫(yī)師中藥學考試輔導:良藥

  1.良藥   治熱毒血痢之良藥:白頭翁  治寒濕中阻、脾胃氣滯之良藥:砂仁  治濕熱淋痛之良藥......

08

2010.10

2011考研英語10月強化復習策略:詞匯篇

2011考研英語10月強化復習策略之詞匯篇  單詞應該是最早著手準備的部分了,但我們從大部分學員的反饋......

08

2010.10

巧用Excel打印不間斷頁面

  1、提出問題
  多個Excel文件要連續(xù)打印怎么做?
  Excel的頁碼設置是通過對“頁面設置......

您可能感興趣
為什么要報考研輔導班? 如何選擇考研輔導班? 考研輔導班哪個好? 哪些北京考研輔導班靠譜? 2019考研輔導班大全