1. Someone traveling alone, if hungry, injured, or ill, often had nowhere to turn except to the nearest cabin or settlement.

【譯文】單獨(dú)旅行時(shí)，如果挨餓、受傷或生病，通常只能向比較近的小屋或村落求助。

【析句】這是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句。Someone是句子的主語(yǔ)，現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)（traveling alone）是其定語(yǔ)；if hungry, injured, or ill實(shí)際上是簡(jiǎn)略的由if引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句，相當(dāng)于 if (he was) hungry, injured, or ill，這里作插入成分。

【講詞】turn to意為“轉(zhuǎn)向；變成；求助于；致力于；開(kāi)始行動(dòng)”。If you quit dawdling and just turn to, the cleaning will be done in a day.（如果你停止閑逛，馬上開(kāi)始工作，清潔工作一天就能做完。）He had to turn to his family for  financial assistance.（他只得找家人給他提供經(jīng)濟(jì)援助。）

2. It was not a matter of choice for the traveler or merely a charitable  impulse on the part of the settlers.

【譯文】對(duì)旅行者來(lái)說(shuō)，這不是一個(gè)選擇的問(wèn)題；而對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)鼐用駚?lái)說(shuō)，這也并非是一時(shí)的行善沖動(dòng)。

【析句】句子的主干結(jié)構(gòu)是It was not a matter of choice… or merely a charitable impulse。注意表語(yǔ)由并列的兩部分組成，由or來(lái)連接。

【講詞】on the part of “在……方面，對(duì)……而言”。 This represents some  sort of failure on the part of the government.（對(duì)于政府來(lái)說(shuō)，這就是某種失敗。）Nevertheless, this is not double standard on the part of people.（然而，對(duì)人民來(lái)說(shuō)這不是雙重標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。）impulse表示“刺激；沖動(dòng)；推動(dòng)力”。Respect for the liberty of others is   not a natural impulse in most men.（對(duì)大多數(shù)人來(lái)說(shuō)，尊重他人的自由并不是一種自然的本能。）She bought the dress on impulse.（她一時(shí)沖動(dòng)買(mǎi)了這件衣服。）charitable意為“仁慈的；（為）慈善事業(yè)的；寬恕的”。A charitable  organization can never inherit from the estate of an individual who passes on  without a will.（一個(gè)慈善組織永遠(yuǎn)也不能接受未立遺囑的人所捐贈(zèng)的財(cái)產(chǎn)。）