模式五： 第一部分：把開(kāi)頭分為兩段，第一段不直接進(jìn)入要論述的問(wèn)題和作者的觀點(diǎn)，而是通過(guò)一個(gè)引子展開(kāi)，或講述一個(gè)有趣的故事、或交待一些背景知識(shí)，到了第二段才正式提出問(wèn)題，因此在這種情況下考生要避免直接去第一段找主旨，而是要通過(guò)閱讀全文正確地定位主題所在段落； 第二部分：對(duì)提出的問(wèn)題進(jìn)行論述； 第三部分：得出結(jié)論，總結(jié)全文。 例文：1994年P(guān)assage 2 One hundred and thirteen million Americans have at least one bank-issued credit card. They give their owners automatic credit in stores, restaurants, and hotels, at home, across the country, and even abroad, and they make many banking services available as well. More and more of these credit cards can be read automatically, making it possible to withdraw or deposit money in scattered locations, whether or not the local branch bank is open. For many of us the cashless society is not on the horizon—it''s already here. While computers offer these conveniences to consumers, they have many advantages for sellers too. Electronic cash registers can do much more than simply ring up sales. They can keep a wide range of records, including who sold what, when, and to whom. This information allows businessmen to keep track of their list of goods by showing which items are being sold and how fast they are moving. Decisions to reorder or return goods to suppliers can then be made. At the same time these computers record which hours are busiest and which employees are the most efficient, allowing personnel and staffing assignments to be made accordingly. And they also identify preferred customers for promotional campaigns. Computers are relied on by manufacturers for similar reasons. Computer-analyzed marketing reports can help to decide which products to emphasize now, which to develop for the future, and which to drop. Computers keep track of goods in stock, of raw materials on hand, and even of the production process itself. Numerous other commercial enterprise, from theaters to magazine publishers, from gas and electric utilities to milk processors, bring better and more efficient services to consumers through the use of computers. 文章第一段通篇在談?wù)撔庞每ǚ⻊?wù)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，而第二段的第一句話才是主題句，指出了使用計(jì)算機(jī)的便利，因?yàn)樾庞每ǖ谋憷接捎谟?jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)的發(fā)展和普及帶來(lái)的。 模式六： 第一部分：提出問(wèn)題，作者將要對(duì)該問(wèn)題的存在進(jìn)行指責(zé)和批判； 第二部分：從各個(gè)方面或者各個(gè)層次對(duì)問(wèn)題進(jìn)行反駁； 第三部分：指出問(wèn)題存在根本原因、可能帶來(lái)的后果、相應(yīng)的改進(jìn)措施、或者正確的看法和觀點(diǎn)等。 例文：這類反證類的文章至今還沒(méi)有在考研真題中出現(xiàn)過(guò)，但是考生應(yīng)該對(duì)這種模式有所了解。 此外，考研閱讀理解的文章一般都會(huì)有比較清晰的行文脈絡(luò)，掌握這些規(guī)律也會(huì)有助于對(duì)文章整體的把握，甚至還可以幫助考生預(yù)見(jiàn)文章中可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)的觀點(diǎn)和發(fā)展方向。 常見(jiàn)的行文脈絡(luò)有以下幾種 一般——具體：文章開(kāi)頭先提出一個(gè)總的抽象的概念或者觀點(diǎn)，接下來(lái)的各個(gè)段落具體說(shuō)明第一段的觀點(diǎn)，把抽象的概念具體化到一些事件上。 具體——一般：文章開(kāi)頭提出一個(gè)具體的問(wèn)題或者事件，接下來(lái)幾段從各個(gè)方面分別說(shuō)明，最后一點(diǎn)進(jìn)行總結(jié)并把觀點(diǎn)抽象到一般的層面。 時(shí)間順序：這種行文脈絡(luò)出現(xiàn)在自然科學(xué)類的文章中比較多，一般通過(guò)時(shí)間先后順序來(lái)說(shuō)明某一種理論的發(fā)展或者某一項(xiàng)研究的進(jìn)展程度。 對(duì)比：這類文章的主要目的目的在于對(duì)比兩種觀點(diǎn)、兩個(gè)事物的共同點(diǎn)或者差異等。 | 
